वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-66, verse-5

अद्य ते कति चिद् रात्र्यश्च्युतस्यार्यकवेश्मनः ।
अपि नाध्वश्रमः शीघ्रं रथेनापततस्तव ॥५॥

5. adya te kati cid rātryaścyutasyāryakaveśmanaḥ ,
api nādhvaśramaḥ śīghraṃ rathenāpatatastava.

5. adya te kati cit rātryaḥ cyutasya āryakaveśmanaḥ
api na adhvaśramaḥ śīghram rathena āpatataḥ tava

5. adya te āryakaveśmanaḥ cyutasya katicit rātryaḥ?
api tava rathena śīghram āpatataḥ adhvaśramaḥ na?

5. How many nights has it been today since you departed from your maternal grandfather's house? Did you not suffer from journey fatigue (adhvaśrama), even though you quickly came by chariot?

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• ते (te) - for you (Bharata) (to you, for you, of you)

• कति (kati) - how many

• चित् (cit) - a few (even, just, some (when combined with interrogatives))

• रात्र्यः (rātryaḥ) - nights

• च्युतस्य (cyutasya) - of you who departed (of one who has departed, fallen)

• आर्यकवेश्मनः (āryakaveśmanaḥ) - from the house of your maternal grandfather (from the maternal grandfather's house)

• अपि (api) - (introduces a question) (also, even, (interrogative particle))

• न (na) - not

• अध्वश्रमः (adhvaśramaḥ) - journey fatigue, road weariness

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - of you who came quickly (of one who is rushing, arriving quickly)

• तव (tava) - your (Bharata's) (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

ते (te) - for you (Bharata) (to you, for you, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: In the sense 'of you' or 'relating to you'.

कति (kati) - how many

(interrogative adjective)

Note: Adjective for rātryaḥ.

चित् (cit) - a few (even, just, some (when combined with interrogatives))

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms an indefinite sense with kati.

रात्र्यः (rātryaḥ) - nights

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'have passed'.

च्युतस्य (cyutasya) - of you who departed (of one who has departed, fallen)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, departed, moved away

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root cyu (to move, fall).

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bharata, in genitive, associated with āryakaveśmanaḥ.

आर्यकवेश्मनः (āryakaveśmanaḥ) - from the house of your maternal grandfather (from the maternal grandfather's house)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of āryakaveśman

āryakaveśman - maternal grandfather's house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āryaka+veśman)

• āryaka – maternal grandfather
  noun (masculine)
• veśman – house, abode
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates origin of departure.

अपि (api) - (introduces a question) (also, even, (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the sentence as a question.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अध्वश्रमः (adhvaśramaḥ) - journey fatigue, road weariness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhvaśrama

adhvaśrama - fatigue from journey, road weariness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhvan+śrama)

• adhvan – road, path, journey
  noun (masculine)
• śrama – fatigue, exertion, weariness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Subject of the second question.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying āpatataḥ.

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Means by which he traveled.

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - of you who came quickly (of one who is rushing, arriving quickly)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ā-patat

āpatat - rushing, arriving, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root pat with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Participle referring to Bharata.

तव (tava) - your (Bharata's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive pronoun for Bharata, implies 'your fatigue'.