महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-59, verse-5

अहो धिग्यदधो नाभेः प्रहृतं शुद्धविक्रमे ।
नैतद्दृष्टं गदायुद्धे कृतवान्यद्वृकोदरः ॥५॥

5. aho dhigyadadho nābheḥ prahṛtaṁ śuddhavikrame ,
naitaddṛṣṭaṁ gadāyuddhe kṛtavānyadvṛkodaraḥ.

5. aho dhik yat adhaḥ nābheḥ prahṛtam śuddhavikrame
na etat dṛṣṭam gadāyuddhe kṛtavān yat vṛkodaraḥ

5. aho dhik yat adhaḥ nābheḥ śuddhavikrame prahṛtam
yat vṛkodaraḥ kṛtavān etat gadāyuddhe na dṛṣṭam

5. Oh, shame! That a blow was struck below the navel against one of pure valor (śuddhavikrame)! Such a thing as Vṛkodara (Bhīma) did has never been witnessed in mace-fighting.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - oh! alas! ah!

• धिक् (dhik) - shame! fie! woe!

• यत् (yat) - that (it happened) (what, which, that)

• अधः (adhaḥ) - below, beneath, downwards

• नाभेः (nābheḥ) - of the navel, from the navel

• प्रहृतम् (prahṛtam) - a blow (was) struck (struck, hit, wounded)

• शुद्धविक्रमे (śuddhavikrame) - against Duryodhana, a warrior of pure valor (in pure valor, against a pure valor)

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - this (kind of act) (this, that)

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - (has been) seen (seen, observed)

• गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in mace-fighting, in club warfare

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - what he (Bhīma) did (he did, he performed)

• यत् (yat) - what (Bhīma did) (what, which, that)

• वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhīma (wolf-bellied)

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - oh! alas! ah!

(indeclinable)

धिक् (dhik) - shame! fie! woe!

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that (it happened) (what, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that

Note: Used here as a relative conjunction 'that'

अधः (adhaḥ) - below, beneath, downwards

(indeclinable)

नाभेः (nābheḥ) - of the navel, from the navel

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of nābhi

nābhi - navel, center, hub

Note: Can also be ablative

प्रहृतम् (prahṛtam) - a blow (was) struck (struck, hit, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prahṛta

prahṛta - struck, hit, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛ (to seize, carry, strike) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used nominally to mean 'a blow'

शुद्धविक्रमे (śuddhavikrame) - against Duryodhana, a warrior of pure valor (in pure valor, against a pure valor)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śuddhavikrama

śuddhavikrama - pure valor, unblemished prowess

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śuddha+vikrama)

• śuddha – pure, clean, unblemished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śudh (to purify, be pure)
  Root: śudh (class 4)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, heroism, stride
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here in the sense 'against one who possesses pure valor'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (kind of act) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - (has been) seen (seen, observed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गदायुद्धे (gadāyuddhe) - in mace-fighting, in club warfare

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gadāyuddha

gadāyuddha - mace-fight, club-warfare

Compound type : Tatpurusha (gadā+yuddha)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – fight, battle, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - what he (Bhīma) did (he did, he performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, performed

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -vat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - what (Bhīma did) (what, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that

Note: Used here as a relative pronoun

वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhīma (wolf-bellied)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied (epithet of Bhīma, implying great hunger or strength)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)