महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-59, verse-29

धर्मराज किमर्थं त्वमधर्ममनुमन्यसे ।
हतबन्धोर्यदेतस्य पतितस्य विचेतसः ॥२९॥

29. dharmarāja kimarthaṁ tvamadharmamanumanyase ,
hatabandhoryadetasya patitasya vicetasaḥ.

29. dharma-rāja kim artham tvam adharmam anumanyase
hata-bandhoḥ yat etasya patitasya vi-cetasaḥ

29. dharma-rāja tvam kim artham hata-bandhoḥ etasya
patitasya vi-cetasaḥ yat adharmam anumanyase

29. O King of Righteousness (dharma-rāja), why do you approve of this unrighteousness (adharma) committed by this fallen, senseless person whose relatives have been killed?

Words meanings summery:

• धर्म-राज (dharma-rāja) - Yudhiṣṭhira (as an address) (King of righteousness)

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• अर्थम् (artham) - for what purpose, why (purpose, reason, object)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety

• अनुमन्यसे (anumanyase) - you approve, you assent, you allow

• हत-बन्धोः (hata-bandhoḥ) - of one whose relatives are slain

• यत् (yat) - because/that (referring to the unrighteousness) (that which, because, since)

• एतस्य (etasya) - of this (person)

• पतितस्य (patitasya) - of the fallen, degraded

• वि-चेतसः (vi-cetasaḥ) - of the senseless, bewildered, confused

Words meanings and morphology

धर्म-राज (dharma-rāja) - Yudhiṣṭhira (as an address) (King of righteousness)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharma-rāja

dharma-rāja - king of righteousness, Dharmarāja

Compound noun: dharma (righteousness) + rāja (king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(interrogative pronoun)

अर्थम् (artham) - for what purpose, why (purpose, reason, object)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth

Note: Used adverbially with 'kim' to mean 'why'

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

2nd person singular pronoun

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, vice, impiety

Compound: a (negation) + dharma (righteousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अनुमन्यसे (anumanyase) - you approve, you assent, you allow

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

present middle

Root man (to think), present tense, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

हत-बन्धोः (hata-bandhoḥ) - of one whose relatives are slain

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hata-bandhu

hata-bandhu - one whose kinsmen are slain

Compound adjective: hata (slain) + bandhu (relative)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+bandhu)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta
  Root: han (class 2)
• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)

यत् (yat) - because/that (referring to the unrighteousness) (that which, because, since)

(relative pronoun)

एतस्य (etasya) - of this (person)

(demonstrative pronoun)

पतितस्य (patitasya) - of the fallen, degraded

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, degraded, dropped

past passive participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with suffix -ta

Root: pat (class 1)

वि-चेतसः (vi-cetasaḥ) - of the senseless, bewildered, confused

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vi-cetas

vi-cetas - senseless, bewildered, confused, without consciousness

Compound adjective: vi (privative prefix) + cetas (mind, consciousness)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+cetas)

• vi – without, lacking, apart, reverse
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)