महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-59, verse-11

उवाच चैनं संरब्धं शमयन्निव केशवः ।
आत्मवृद्धिर्मित्रवृद्धिर्मित्रमित्रोदयस्तथा ।
विपरीतं द्विषत्स्वेतत्षड्विधा वृद्धिरात्मनः ॥११॥

11. uvāca cainaṁ saṁrabdhaṁ śamayanniva keśavaḥ ,
ātmavṛddhirmitravṛddhirmitramitrodayastathā ,
viparītaṁ dviṣatsvetatṣaḍvidhā vṛddhirātmanaḥ.

11. uvāca ca enam saṃrabdham śamayan iva
keśavaḥ ātmavṛddhiḥ mitravṛddhiḥ
mitramitrodayaḥ tathā viparītam
dviṣatsu etat ṣaḍvidhā vṛddhiḥ ātmanaḥ

11. keśavaḥ ca saṃrabdham enam śamayan
iva uvāca ātmavṛddhiḥ mitravṛddhiḥ
tathā mitramitrodayaḥ dviṣatsu
viparītam etat ṣaḍvidhā ātmanaḥ vṛddhiḥ

11. And Keshava (Krishna), as if pacifying his agitation, spoke to him: 'The advancement of oneself, the prosperity of friends, and similarly, the rise of one's friends' friends – these three, along with their opposites concerning enemies, constitute the six-fold path to one's own prosperity (ātman).'

Words meanings summery:

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - Refers to the agitated person Krishna is addressing, likely Duryodhana or another character. (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

• संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged, agitated, excited

• शमयन् (śamayan) - pacifying, calming

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Refers to Krishna. (Keshava (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna))

• आत्मवृद्धिः (ātmavṛddhiḥ) - self-advancement, increase of oneself

• मित्रवृद्धिः (mitravṛddhiḥ) - increase of friends, prosperity of friends

• मित्रमित्रोदयः (mitramitrodayaḥ) - rise/prosperity of friends of friends

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, and, thus

• विपरीतम् (viparītam) - The opposite of the three types of prosperity (self, friends, friends of friends), i.e., decline or adversity. (opposite, reversed)

• द्विषत्सु (dviṣatsu) - among enemies, concerning enemies

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the combined list of three types of prosperity and their three opposites. (this)

• षड्विधा (ṣaḍvidhā) - Refers to the three types of prosperity and their three opposites. (six-fold, of six kinds)

• वृद्धिः (vṛddhiḥ) - growth, prosperity, increase

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, for oneself

Words meanings and morphology

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect tense (Lit), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense (Lit), 3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Irregular form, with reduplication 'u-vac-a'.

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एनम् (enam) - Refers to the agitated person Krishna is addressing, likely Duryodhana or another character. (him, this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

संरब्धम् (saṁrabdham) - enraged, agitated, excited

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃrabdha

saṁrabdha - enraged, agitated, excited, begun

Past Passive Participle

From root rabh with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: rabh (class 1)

शमयन् (śamayan) - pacifying, calming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śamayant

śamayant - pacifying, calming, quieting

Present Active Participle

From causal form of root śam (to be calm), śamay (to pacify). Present active participle, nominative singular masculine.

Root: śam (class 4)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Refers to Krishna. (Keshava (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful long hair; slayer of the demon Keśī; an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

आत्मवृद्धिः (ātmavṛddhiḥ) - self-advancement, increase of oneself

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ātmavṛddhi

ātmavṛddhi - self-advancement, increase of self, prosperity of oneself

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+vṛddhi)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity, success
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Part of the six-fold growth.

मित्रवृद्धिः (mitravṛddhiḥ) - increase of friends, prosperity of friends

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mitravṛddhi

mitravṛddhi - increase of friends, prosperity of friends

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+vṛddhi)

• mitra – friend, companion, ally; the sun god Mitra
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity, success
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Part of the six-fold growth.

मित्रमित्रोदयः (mitramitrodayaḥ) - rise/prosperity of friends of friends

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitramitrodaya

mitramitrodaya - rise of friends of friends, prosperity of allies' allies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitramitra+udaya)

• mitramitra – friend of a friend, ally of an ally
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rise, ascent, prosperity, beginning
  noun (masculine)
  From √i (to go) with prefix ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Part of the six-fold growth.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, and, thus

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb/conjunction.

विपरीतम् (viparītam) - The opposite of the three types of prosperity (self, friends, friends of friends), i.e., decline or adversity. (opposite, reversed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viparīta

viparīta - opposite, reversed, contrary, inverted

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefixes vi and pari.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the converse of the three types of vṛddhi.

द्विषत्सु (dviṣatsu) - among enemies, concerning enemies

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - hating, hostile; enemy

Present Active Participle

From root dviṣ (to hate). Present active participle used as a noun.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Indicates the domain where 'viparītam' applies.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the combined list of three types of prosperity and their three opposites. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Serves as the subject for the predicate 'ṣaḍvidhā vṛddhiḥ'.

षड्विधा (ṣaḍvidhā) - Refers to the three types of prosperity and their three opposites. (six-fold, of six kinds)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ṣaḍvidha

ṣaḍvidha - six-fold, of six kinds

From ṣaṣ (six) + vidha (kind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ṣaṣ+vidha)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• vidha – manner, kind, type
  noun

वृद्धिः (vṛddhiḥ) - growth, prosperity, increase

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success

From √vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, for oneself

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)

n-stem noun.

Note: Possessive for vṛddhiḥ.