महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-59, verse-12

आत्मन्यपि च मित्रेषु विपरीतं यदा भवेत् ।
तदा विद्यान्मनोज्यानिमाशु शान्तिकरो भवेत् ॥१२॥

12. ātmanyapi ca mitreṣu viparītaṁ yadā bhavet ,
tadā vidyānmanojyānimāśu śāntikaro bhavet.

12. ātmani api ca mitreṣu viparītam yadā bhavet
tadā vidyāt manojyānim āśu śāntikaraḥ bhavet

12. yadā ātmani ca mitreṣu api viparītam bhavet,
tadā manojyānim vidyāt,
āśu śāntikaraḥ bhavet

12. And when the opposite (adversity) occurs concerning oneself and one's friends, then one should understand that this brings mental distress, and one should quickly become a peacemaker.

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself, for oneself, regarding oneself

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• च (ca) - and, also

• मित्रेषु (mitreṣu) - among friends, concerning friends

• विपरीतम् (viparītam) - The opposite of prosperity (loss, decline, suffering). (the opposite, adversity, reversal)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it should be, it would be, it happens

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

• मनोज्यानिम् (manojyānim) - mental distress, loss of mind, sorrow

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• शान्तिकरः (śāntikaraḥ) - peace-maker, causing peace

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in oneself, for oneself, regarding oneself

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)

n-stem noun.

Note: Refers to oneself.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphatic, meaning 'even for oneself'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मित्रेषु (mitreṣu) - among friends, concerning friends

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally

Note: Co-locative with 'ātmani'.

विपरीतम् (viparītam) - The opposite of prosperity (loss, decline, suffering). (the opposite, adversity, reversal)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viparīta

viparīta - opposite, reversed, contrary, inverted

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefixes vi and pari.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Adverbial interrogative/relative.

भवेत् (bhavet) - it should be, it would be, it happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhiliṅ) of bhū

optative mood, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root bhū (to be), optative mood (Vidhiliṅ), 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverbial. Correlative to 'yadā'.

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhiliṅ) of vid

optative mood, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root vid (to know), optative mood (Vidhiliṅ), 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: vid (class 2)

मनोज्यानिम् (manojyānim) - mental distress, loss of mind, sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of manojyāni

manojyāni - loss of mind, mental distress, sorrow, affliction

From manas (mind) + jyāni (loss, harm).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manas+jyāni)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)
• jyāni – loss, harm, injury, decline
  noun (feminine)
  From √jyā (to injure, oppress)
  Root: jyā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'vidyāt'.

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies 'bhavet'.

शान्तिकरः (śāntikaraḥ) - peace-maker, causing peace

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntikara

śāntikara - causing peace, peace-maker, pacifier

From śānti (peace) + kara (maker, doer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śānti+kara)

• śānti – peace, tranquility, calm, cessation
  noun (feminine)
  From √śam (to be calm)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• kara – making, doing, causing; hand
  adjective
  Suffix -kara from √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject (one).