महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-8, chapter-65, verse-44
अथापलायन्त विहाय कर्णं तवात्मजाः कुरवश्चावशिष्टाः ।
हतानवाकीर्य शरक्षतांश्च लालप्यमानांस्तनयान्पितॄंश्च ॥४४॥
हतानवाकीर्य शरक्षतांश्च लालप्यमानांस्तनयान्पितॄंश्च ॥४४॥
44. athāpalāyanta vihāya karṇaṁ; tavātmajāḥ kuravaścāvaśiṣṭāḥ ,
hatānavākīrya śarakṣatāṁśca; lālapyamānāṁstanayānpitṝṁśca.
hatānavākīrya śarakṣatāṁśca; lālapyamānāṁstanayānpitṝṁśca.
44.
atha apalāyanta vihāya karṇam
tava ātmajāḥ kuravaḥ ca avaśiṣṭāḥ
hatān avākīrya śarakṣatān
ca lālapyamānān tanayān pitṝn ca
tava ātmajāḥ kuravaḥ ca avaśiṣṭāḥ
hatān avākīrya śarakṣatān
ca lālapyamānān tanayān pitṝn ca
44.
atha tava ātmajāḥ ca kuravaḥ
avaśiṣṭāḥ karṇam vihāya apalāyanta
hatān ca śarakṣatān tanayān
ca pitṝn avākīrya lālapyamānān
avaśiṣṭāḥ karṇam vihāya apalāyanta
hatān ca śarakṣatān tanayān
ca pitṝn avākīrya lālapyamānān
44.
Then, your [Dhṛtarāṣṭra's] remaining sons and the Kurus fled, abandoning Karṇa. Lamenting their own sons and fathers who were slain or wounded by arrows, they left them scattered [on the battlefield].
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अथ (atha) - then, next, and
- अपलायन्त (apalāyanta) - they fled, they ran away
- विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, leaving behind
- कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa
- तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)
- आत्मजाः (ātmajāḥ) - sons, offspring
- कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus
- च (ca) - and, also
- अवशिष्टाः (avaśiṣṭāḥ) - the surviving (ones) (remaining, left over, survivors)
- हतान् (hatān) - the slain (slain, killed)
- अवाकीर्य (avākīrya) - leaving them scattered (having scattered, having strewn, having abandoned)
- शरक्षतान् (śarakṣatān) - wounded by arrows
- च (ca) - and, also
- लालप्यमानान् (lālapyamānān) - lamenting, crying aloud
- तनयान् (tanayān) - sons
- पितॄन् (pitṝn) - fathers
- च (ca) - and, also
Words meanings and morphology
अथ (atha) - then, next, and
(indeclinable)
अपलायन्त (apalāyanta) - they fled, they ran away
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (luṅ) of apalāy
Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (Ātmanepada)
Prefix: apa
Root: lāy (class 1)
विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, leaving behind
(indeclinable)
absolutive
From root hā- 'to abandon' with prefix vi-
Prefix: vi
Root: hā (class 3)
कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa
karṇa - Karṇa (proper name of a hero in the Mahabharata)
तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
आत्मजाः (ātmajāḥ) - sons, offspring
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ātmaja
ātmaja - self-born, son, offspring
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)
- ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence
noun (masculine) - ja – born, produced from
adjective (masculine)
Suffix
From root jan- 'to be born'
Root: jan (class 4)
कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru
kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
अवशिष्टाः (avaśiṣṭāḥ) - the surviving (ones) (remaining, left over, survivors)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of avaśiṣṭa
avaśiṣṭa - remaining, left, remnant, survivor
Past Passive Participle
From root śiṣ- 'to remain' with prefix ava-
Prefix: ava
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
हतान् (hatān) - the slain (slain, killed)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of hata
hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed
Past Passive Participle
From root han- 'to strike, kill'
Root: han (class 2)
अवाकीर्य (avākīrya) - leaving them scattered (having scattered, having strewn, having abandoned)
(indeclinable)
absolutive
From root kī- 'to scatter' with prefixes ava- and ā-
Prefixes: ava+ā
Root: kī (class 9)
शरक्षतान् (śarakṣatān) - wounded by arrows
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of śarakṣata
śarakṣata - wounded by arrows, pierced by arrows
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+kṣata)
- śara – arrow
noun (masculine) - kṣata – wounded, injured, hurt
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṣan- 'to wound, hurt'
Root: kṣan (class 8)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
लालप्यमानान् (lālapyamānān) - lamenting, crying aloud
(participle)
Accusative, masculine, plural of lālapyamāna
lālapyamāna - lamenting, crying aloud, weeping bitterly
Present Middle Participle (Intensive)
Intensive form of root lap- 'to lament, speak'
Root: lap (class 1)
Note: Modifies the implied object 'them' (the slain/wounded sons and fathers), but contextually it's the fleeing Kurus who are lamenting.
तनयान् (tanayān) - sons
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tanaya
tanaya - son, offspring, descendant
पितॄन् (pitṝn) - fathers
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)