महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-65, verse-12

ततः कर्णः प्रथमं तत्र पार्थं महेषुभिर्दशभिः पर्यविध्यत् ।
तमर्जुनः प्रत्यविध्यच्छिताग्रैः कक्षान्तरे दशभिरतीव क्रुद्धः ॥१२॥

12. tataḥ karṇaḥ prathamaṁ tatra pārthaṁ; maheṣubhirdaśabhiḥ paryavidhyat ,
tamarjunaḥ pratyavidhyacchitāgraiḥ; kakṣāntare daśabhiratīva kruddhaḥ.

12. tataḥ karṇaḥ prathamam tatra pārtham
maheṣubhiḥ daśabhiḥ paryavidhyat
tam arjunaḥ pratyavidhyat śitāgraiḥ
kakṣāntare daśabhiḥ atīva kruddhaḥ

12. tataḥ karṇaḥ prathamam tatra pārtham daśabhiḥ maheṣubhiḥ paryavidhyatatīva kruddhaḥ arjunaḥ tam daśabhiḥ śitāgraiḥ kakṣāntare pratyavidhyat।

12. Then, Karna first assailed Partha there with ten great arrows. Exceedingly enraged, Arjuna retaliated by piercing him (Karna) with ten sharp-pointed arrows in his armpit region.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, initially

• तत्र (tatra) - on the battlefield (there, in that place/situation)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Partha, Arjuna

• महेषुभिः (maheṣubhiḥ) - with great arrows

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• पर्यविध्यत् (paryavidhyat) - he pierced, he assailed all around

• तम् (tam) - Karna (him)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - he pierced back, he retaliated by piercing

• शिताग्रैः (śitāgraiḥ) - with sharp-pointed (arrows)

• कक्षान्तरे (kakṣāntare) - in the armpit region, in the flanks

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - Arjuna, enraged (enraged, angry)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a Kuru warrior)

Note: Subject of 'paryavidhyat'.

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, initially

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, primary

Note: Functions adverbially ('first').

तत्र (tatra) - on the battlefield (there, in that place/situation)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the battlefield.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Partha, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna

Note: Object of 'paryavidhyat'.

महेषुभिः (maheṣubhiḥ) - with great arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maheṣu

maheṣu - great arrow

Compound 'mahā' (great) + 'iṣu' (arrow)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+iṣu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Means of action.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'maheṣubhiḥ'.

पर्यविध्यत् (paryavidhyat) - he pierced, he assailed all around

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pari-vyadh

Imperfect Active

Root vyadh with upasarga pari, 3rd person singular

Prefix: pari

Root: vyadh (class 4)

तम् (tam) - Karna (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karna.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

Note: Subject of 'pratyavidhyat'.

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - he pierced back, he retaliated by piercing

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prati-vyadh

Imperfect Active

Root vyadh with upasarga prati, 3rd person singular

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

शिताग्रैः (śitāgraiḥ) - with sharp-pointed (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śitāgra

śitāgra - sharp-pointed, having a sharp tip

Compound 'śita' (sharpened) + 'agra' (tip)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śita+agra)

• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śo' (to sharpen)
  Root: śo
• agra – tip, point, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to arrows, implied by context and preceding 'maheṣubhiḥ'.

कक्षान्तरे (kakṣāntare) - in the armpit region, in the flanks

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kakṣāntara

kakṣāntara - armpit region, flanks, side, interior of the waist

Compound 'kakṣā' (armpit, side) + 'antara' (interior, space)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kakṣā+antara)

• kakṣā – armpit, flank, side, waist
  noun (feminine)
• antara – interior, space, interval
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative of place.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'śitāgraiḥ' (implied arrows).

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'kruddhaḥ'.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - Arjuna, enraged (enraged, angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.