महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-65, verse-16

अथाब्रवीद्वासुदेवोऽपि पार्थं दृष्ट्वा रथेषून्प्रतिहन्यमानान् ।
अमीमृदत्सर्वथा तेऽद्य कर्णो ह्यस्त्रैरस्त्राणि किमिदं किरीटिन् ॥१६॥

16. athābravīdvāsudevo'pi pārthaṁ; dṛṣṭvā ratheṣūnpratihanyamānān ,
amīmṛdatsarvathā te'dya karṇo; hyastrairastrāṇi kimidaṁ kirīṭin.

16. atha abravīt vāsudevaḥ api pārtham
dṛṣṭvā ratheṣūn pratihanyamānān |
amīmṛdat sarvathā te adya karṇaḥ
hi astraiḥ astrāṇi kim idam kirīṭin

16. atha vāsudevaḥ api ratheṣūn pratihanyamānān dṛṣṭvā pārtham abravīt kirīṭin,
adya karṇaḥ hi te astrāṇi astraiḥ sarvathā amīmṛdat idam kim?

16. Then Vasudeva (Krishna) also spoke to Partha (Arjuna) after seeing his arrows being repelled from the chariot. "O crowned one, Arjuna, Karna has utterly crushed your weapons with his own weapons today. What is this?"

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Lord Krishna, Arjuna's charioteer and advisor (Vasudeva, Krishna (son of Vasudeva))

• अपि (api) - Krishna *also* spoke, in addition to Bhimasena (also, even, too)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Partha, to Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kunti)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Krishna having observed the arrows being repelled (having seen, seeing)

• रथेषून् (ratheṣūn) - Arjuna's arrows being shot from his chariot (arrows from the chariot)

• प्रतिहन्यमानान् (pratihanyamānān) - Arjuna's arrows that were being effectively blocked by Karna (being repelled, being struck back, being resisted)

• अमीमृदत् (amīmṛdat) - Karna effectively neutralized Arjuna's arrows (he crushed, he destroyed, he repelled)

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - Karna completely nullified Arjuna's weapons (entirely, completely, by all means)

• ते (te) - your (Arjuna's) weapons (your, to you (genitive/dative singular))

• अद्य (adya) - referring to the present moment of the battle (today, now)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (name of a warrior)

• हि (hi) - emphasizing the surprising fact (indeed, surely, for (emphatic or causal particle))

• अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - Karna's weapons (with weapons, by means of missiles)

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - Arjuna's weapons (weapons, missiles)

• किम् (kim) - expressing surprise and concern: 'what is this (situation)?' (what, why)

• इदम् (idam) - this current state of affairs or Arjuna's performance (this)

• किरीटिन् (kirīṭin) - Arjuna (O crowned one, O wearer of a diadem)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular, root √brū (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Lord Krishna, Arjuna's charioteer and advisor (Vasudeva, Krishna (son of Vasudeva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna

अपि (api) - Krishna *also* spoke, in addition to Bhimasena (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Partha, to Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kunti)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti); Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhimasena

Derived from 'Pṛthā' (another name for Kunti) with patronymic suffix 'a'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Krishna having observed the arrows being repelled (having seen, seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with the absolutive suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रथेषून् (ratheṣūn) - Arjuna's arrows being shot from his chariot (arrows from the chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratheṣu

ratheṣu - chariot-arrow (implied: arrow from the chariot)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (implied locative) (ratha+iṣu)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिहन्यमानान् (pratihanyamānān) - Arjuna's arrows that were being effectively blocked by Karna (being repelled, being struck back, being resisted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pratihanyamāna

pratihanyamāna - being repelled, being obstructed, being struck back

Present Participle (Middle/Passive Voice)

Derived from the root √han (to strike) with prefix 'prati-' and the passive/middle voice present participle suffix '-māna'.

Prefix: prati

Root: han (class 2)

अमीमृदत् (amīmṛdat) - Karna effectively neutralized Arjuna's arrows (he crushed, he destroyed, he repelled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of amīmṛdat

Aorist Reduplicated

Aorist 3rd person singular, reduplicated stem (amīmṛd) from root √mṛd (to crush).

Root: mṛd (class 9)

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - Karna completely nullified Arjuna's weapons (entirely, completely, by all means)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with the adverbial suffix '-thā'.

ते (te) - your (Arjuna's) weapons (your, to you (genitive/dative singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अद्य (adya) - referring to the present moment of the battle (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'idam' (this) and 'diva' (day).

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

हि (hi) - emphasizing the surprising fact (indeed, surely, for (emphatic or causal particle))

(indeclinable)

अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - Karna's weapons (with weapons, by means of missiles)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile, arrow

Root: as (class 4)

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - Arjuna's weapons (weapons, missiles)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile, arrow

Root: as (class 4)

किम् (kim) - expressing surprise and concern: 'what is this (situation)?' (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why (interrogative pronoun/particle)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why' or 'what is this'.

इदम् (idam) - this current state of affairs or Arjuna's performance (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here (demonstrative pronoun)

किरीटिन् (kirīṭin) - Arjuna (O crowned one, O wearer of a diadem)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - crowned, wearing a diadem, a king, Arjuna (proper noun)

Derived from 'kirīṭa' (diadem) with the possessive suffix '-in'.