महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-65, verse-42

स चक्ररक्षानथ पादरक्षान्पुरःसरान्पृष्ठगोपांश्च सर्वान् ।
दुर्योधनेनानुमतानरिघ्नान्समुच्चितान्सुरथान्सारभूतान् ॥४२॥

42. sa cakrarakṣānatha pādarakṣā;npuraḥsarānpṛṣṭhagopāṁśca sarvān ,
duryodhanenānumatānarighnā;nsamuccitānsurathānsārabhūtān.

42. saḥ cakrarakṣān atha pādarakṣān
puraḥsarān pṛṣṭhagopān ca sarvān
duryodhanena anumatān arighnān
samuccitān surathān sārabhūtān

42. saḥ atha sarvān cakrarakṣān
pādarakṣān puraḥsarān ca pṛṣṭhagopān
duryodhanena anumatān arighnān
samuccitān surathān sārabhūtān

42. He [Arjuna] faced all those wheel-guards and foot-guards, the vanguard and the rear-guards, who were approved by Duryodhana, skilled in slaying enemies, well-assembled, possessing excellent chariots, and truly valiant.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• चक्ररक्षान् (cakrarakṣān) - wheel-guards

• अथ (atha) - and (then, and, moreover)

• पादरक्षान् (pādarakṣān) - foot-guards, infantry

• पुरःसरान् (puraḥsarān) - those going in front, vanguard

• पृष्ठगोपान् (pṛṣṭhagopān) - rear-guards

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

• दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

• अनुमतान् (anumatān) - approved, permitted, sanctioned

• अरिघ्नान् (arighnān) - enemy-slayers, destroying enemies

• समुच्चितान् (samuccitān) - well-assembled (assembled, collected, well-prepared)

• सुरथान् (surathān) - having good chariots, with excellent chariots

• सारभूतान् (sārabhūtān) - truly valiant/heroic (essential, excellent, truly heroic)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चक्ररक्षान् (cakrarakṣān) - wheel-guards

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of cakrarakṣa

cakrarakṣa - wheel-guard, chariot-guard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cakra+rakṣa)

• cakra – wheel, disk, circle
  noun (neuter)
• rakṣa – guard, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root rakṣ- 'to protect'
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

अथ (atha) - and (then, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पादरक्षान् (pādarakṣān) - foot-guards, infantry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pādarakṣa

pādarakṣa - foot-guard, infantry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+rakṣa)

• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)
• rakṣa – guard, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root rakṣ- 'to protect'
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

पुरःसरान् (puraḥsarān) - those going in front, vanguard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - going before, preceding, vanguard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puras+sara)

• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• sara – going, moving, leading
  noun (masculine)
  From root sṛ- 'to go'
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

पृष्ठगोपान् (pṛṣṭhagopān) - rear-guards

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pṛṣṭhagopa

pṛṣṭhagopa - rear-guard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛṣṭha+gopa)

• pṛṣṭha – back, rear
  noun (neuter)
• gopa – protector, herdsman, guard
  noun (masculine)
  From root gup- 'to protect'
  Root: gup (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, eldest Kaurava prince)

अनुमतान् (anumatān) - approved, permitted, sanctioned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anumata

anumata - approved, consented, permitted, sanctioned

Past Passive Participle

From root man- 'to think, believe' with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

अरिघ्नान् (arighnān) - enemy-slayers, destroying enemies

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of arighna

arighna - enemy-slayer, destroying enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+ghna)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – killing, destroying, slayer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective
  From root han- 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)

समुच्चितान् (samuccitān) - well-assembled (assembled, collected, well-prepared)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samuccita

samuccita - assembled, collected, well-chosen, prepared

Past Passive Participle

From root ci- 'to collect' with prefixes sam- and ud-

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: ci (class 5)

सुरथान् (surathān) - having good chariots, with excellent chariots

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suratha

suratha - having a good or excellent chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+ratha)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

सारभूतान् (sārabhūtān) - truly valiant/heroic (essential, excellent, truly heroic)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sārabhūta

sārabhūta - consisting of the essence, essential, excellent, truly heroic

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāra+bhūta)

• sāra – essence, pith, strength, valor
  noun (masculine)
• bhūta – become, happened, existing, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū- 'to be, become'
  Root: bhū (class 1)