महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-65, verse-31

दृष्ट्वाजिमुख्यावथ युध्यमानौ दिदृक्षवः शूरवरावरिघ्नौ ।
कर्णं च पार्थं च नियम्य वाहान्खस्था महीस्थाश्च जनावतस्थुः ॥३१॥

31. dṛṣṭvājimukhyāvatha yudhyamānau; didṛkṣavaḥ śūravarāvarighnau ,
karṇaṁ ca pārthaṁ ca niyamya vāhā;nkhasthā mahīsthāśca janāvatasthuḥ.

31. dṛṣṭvā aji-mukhyau atha yudhyamānau
didṛkṣavaḥ śūra-vara-ari-ghnau karṇam
ca pārtham ca niyamya vāhān
kha-sthāḥ mahī-sthāḥ ca janāḥ atastḥuḥ

31. atha yudhyamānau aji-mukhyau didṛkṣavaḥ
śūra-vara-ari-ghnau karṇam ca
pārtham ca dṛṣṭvā kha-sthāḥ ca
mahī-sthāḥ ca janāḥ vāhān niyamya atastḥuḥ

31. Then, seeing the two chief warriors, Karṇa and Pārtha (Arjuna), fighting, eager to behold these two heroes, destroyers of the best enemies, people, whether in the sky or on the ground, restrained their mounts and stood still.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having beheld

• अजि-मुख्यौ (aji-mukhyau) - the two principal combatants (Karṇa and Pārtha) (the two chief warriors in battle)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - the two fighting, engaged in battle

• दिदृक्षवः (didṛkṣavaḥ) - eager to see, desirous of seeing

• शूर-वर-अरि-घ्नौ (śūra-vara-ari-ghnau) - the two who slay the best of enemies, destroyers of excellent foes

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained, having controlled

• वाहान् (vāhān) - mounts (horses, chariots, etc.)

• ख-स्थाः (kha-sthāḥ) - those standing in the sky, celestial beings

• मही-स्थाः (mahī-sthāḥ) - those standing on the ground, earthly beings

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people

• अतस्त्ःउः (atastḥuḥ) - they stood still, they stood by

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having beheld

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अजि-मुख्यौ (aji-mukhyau) - the two principal combatants (Karṇa and Pārtha) (the two chief warriors in battle)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of aji-mukhya

aji-mukhya - chief in battle, principal warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aji+mukhya)

• aji – battle, conflict
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa and Pārtha.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle introducing a new topic or sequence.

युध्यमानौ (yudhyamānau) - the two fighting, engaged in battle

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, dual of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in battle

present middle participle

Present middle participle of root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa and Pārtha.

दिदृक्षवः (didṛkṣavaḥ) - eager to see, desirous of seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of didṛkṣu

didṛkṣu - desirous of seeing, eager to see

desiderative agent noun/adjective

Derived from desiderative of root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'janāḥ' (people).

शूर-वर-अरि-घ्नौ (śūra-vara-ari-ghnau) - the two who slay the best of enemies, destroyers of excellent foes

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of śūra-vara-ari-ghna

śūra-vara-ari-ghna - destroyer of the best of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūra+vara+ari+ghna)

• śūra – hero, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• ari – enemy
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – slayer, destroyer
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root √han (to kill, strike).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa and Pārtha.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name); ear

Note: Refers to the warrior Karṇa.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Pārtha (a patronymic for Arjuna, son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

Note: Arjuna.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained, having controlled

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √yam (to restrain) with upasarga 'ni-' and suffix '-ya' for absolutive.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

वाहान् (vāhān) - mounts (horses, chariots, etc.)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - mount, vehicle, horse

Derived from root √vah (to carry).

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Refers to the conveyances of the spectators.

ख-स्थाः (kha-sthāḥ) - those standing in the sky, celestial beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kha-stha

kha-stha - standing in the sky, celestial

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+stha)

• kha – sky, ether, space
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'janāḥ'.

मही-स्थाः (mahī-sthāḥ) - those standing on the ground, earthly beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahī-stha

mahī-stha - standing on the earth, terrestrial

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+stha)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'janāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Note: Subject of the verb 'atastḥuḥ'.

अतस्त्ःउः (atastḥuḥ) - they stood still, they stood by

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of sthā

perfect active

Perfect 3rd person plural active, from root √sthā.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'janāḥ'.