महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-45

ततो रणो महानासीत्पाञ्चालानां विशां पते ।
वध्यतां सूतपुत्रेण मित्रार्थेऽमित्रघातिनाम् ॥४५॥

45. tato raṇo mahānāsītpāñcālānāṁ viśāṁ pate ,
vadhyatāṁ sūtaputreṇa mitrārthe'mitraghātinām.

45. tataḥ raṇaḥ mahān āsīt pāñcālānām viśām pate
vadhyatām sūtaputreṇa mitrārthe amitraghātinām

45. tataḥ viśām pate mahān raṇaḥ āsīt pāñcālānām
vadhyatām sūtaputreṇa mitrārthe amitraghātinām

45. Then, O lord of the people, a great battle ensued, involving the Pāñcālas—those slayers of enemies—who were being slain by the son of a charioteer (Karṇa) for his friend's sake.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• रणः (raṇaḥ) - battle, combat

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, master

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - of those being slain

• सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by the son of a charioteer (Karṇa)

• मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

• अमित्रघातिनाम् (amitraghātinām) - of the slayers of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

रणः (raṇaḥ) - battle, combat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

Derived from root 'raṇ' (to sound, shout).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, big, mighty, important

Note: Qualifies 'raṇaḥ'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular, Imperfect, Parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - inhabitant of Pañcāla, the Pañcāla country or its people

Note: Indicates the group concerning whom the battle took place.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of vocative compound 'viśāṃ pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord, master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

Note: Vocative singular. Forms a compound address 'viśāṃ pate'.

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - of those being slain

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadhyat

vadhyat - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) with a passive 'yat' stem and 'śatṛ' suffix. A less common but attested form for a present passive participle.

Root: vadh (class 1)

सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by the son of a charioteer (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (epithet of Karṇa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'vadhyatām'.

मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitrārtha

mitrārtha - for a friend's sake, for the purpose of a friend

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+artha)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the reason or purpose (Karṇa's action for Duryodhana).

अमित्रघातिनाम् (amitraghātinām) - of the slayers of enemies

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amitraghātin

amitraghātin - enemy-slayer, one who kills foes

From 'amitra' (enemy) + agent noun 'ghātin' (slayer, from root 'han' to kill).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+ghātin)

• amitra – enemy, foe (literally 'not a friend')
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a
• ghātin – slayer, killer
  agent noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix 'ṇin'.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'pāñcālānām'.