महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-30

ततः कुरूणामभवदार्तनादो महामृधे ।
रथाश्वनागासुहरैर्वध्यतामर्जुनेषुभिः ॥३०॥

30. tataḥ kurūṇāmabhavadārtanādo mahāmṛdhe ,
rathāśvanāgāsuharairvadhyatāmarjuneṣubhiḥ.

30. tataḥ kurūṇām abhavat ārta-nādaḥ mahā-mṛdhe |
ratha-aśva-nāga-asu-haraiḥ vadhyatām arjuna-iṣubhiḥ

30. tataḥ mahā-mṛdhe kurūṇām ārta-nādaḥ abhavat
arjuna-iṣubhiḥ ratha-aśva-nāga-asu-haraiḥ vadhyatām

30. Then, in that great battle, a great cry of anguish arose from the Kurus. There was great slaughter by Arjuna's arrows, which were life-takers of chariots, horses, and elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus, of the Kuru warriors

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, arose

• आर्त-नादः (ārta-nādaḥ) - a cry of distress, a lament

• महा-मृधे (mahā-mṛdhe) - in the great battle

• रथ-अश्व-नाग-असु-हरैः (ratha-aśva-nāga-asu-haraiḥ) - by the life-takers of chariots, horses, and elephants

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - slaughter, being slain, destruction

• अर्जुन-इषुभिः (arjuna-iṣubhiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas

Root: tad

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus, of the Kuru warriors

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (ancient tribe, descendants of King Kuru)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, arose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

आर्त-नादः (ārta-nādaḥ) - a cry of distress, a lament

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta-nāda

ārta-nāda - cry of distress, lament, wail

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (ārta+nāda)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √ṛ 'to go' (often understood as related to √ard 'to pain, afflict')
  Root: ṛ
• nāda – sound, cry, roar
  noun (masculine)
  from root √nad 'to sound, roar'
  Root: nad (class 1)

महा-मृधे (mahā-mṛdhe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mahā-mṛdh

mahā-mṛdh - great battle, great war

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+mṛdh)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine stem form of mahat
• mṛdh – battle, war, combat
  noun (feminine)
  from root √mṛdh 'to disregard, neglect, fight'
  Root: mṛdh (class 1)

रथ-अश्व-नाग-असु-हरैः (ratha-aśva-nāga-asu-haraiḥ) - by the life-takers of chariots, horses, and elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha-aśva-nāga-asu-hara

ratha-aśva-nāga-asu-hara - life-taker of chariots, horses, and elephants

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha-aśva-nāga+asu-hara)

• ratha-aśva-nāga – chariots, horses, and elephants
  noun (masculine)
• asu-hara – life-taker, destroyer of life
  noun (masculine)

Note: This compound describes the arrows as those that take the lives of chariots, horses, and elephants. The last part 'asu-hara' is a noun derived from √hṛ 'to take' with 'asu' 'life'.

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - slaughter, being slain, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vadhyatā

vadhyatā - the state of being killed, slaughter, destructiveness

feminine noun from vadhyate (passive of √vadh 'to strike, kill') + -tā (abstract noun suffix)

Root: vadh

Note: Here, it functions as an object or a result of the action, indicating the state of being killed.

अर्जुन-इषुभिः (arjuna-iṣubhiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of arjuna-iṣu

arjuna-iṣu - Arjuna's arrow

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (arjuna+iṣu)

• arjuna – Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  from root √iṣ 'to send, discharge'
  Root: iṣ