महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तं तु यान्तं महावेगैरश्वैः कपिवरध्वजम् ।
युद्धायाभ्यद्रवन्वीराः कुरूणां नवती रथाः ।
परिवव्रुर्नरव्याघ्रा नरव्याघ्रं रणेऽर्जुनम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
taṁ tu yāntaṁ mahāvegairaśvaiḥ kapivaradhvajam ,
yuddhāyābhyadravanvīrāḥ kurūṇāṁ navatī rathāḥ ,
parivavrurnaravyāghrā naravyāghraṁ raṇe'rjunam.

1. sañjaya uvāca tam tu yāntam mahā-vegaiḥ
aśvaiḥ kapi-vara-dhvajam yuddhāya abhyadravan
vīrāḥ kurūṇām navatī rathāḥ parivavruḥ
nara-vyāghrāḥ nara-vyāghram raṇe arjunam

1. sañjaya uvāca tu kurūṇām navatī rathāḥ vīrāḥ
nara-vyāghrāḥ tam mahā-vegaiḥ aśvaiḥ yāntam
kapi-vara-dhvajam arjunam yuddhāya abhyadravan
nara-vyāghrāḥ raṇe nara-vyāghram arjunam परिवव्रुः

1. Sañjaya said: Then, ninety valiant charioteers of the Kurus, those tiger-like men (nara-vyāghrāḥ), rushed towards Arjuna, whose banner bore the best of monkeys (kapi-vara-dhvajam), as he advanced swiftly with his horses for battle. These tiger-like men (nara-vyāghrāḥ) then surrounded that tiger-like man (nara-vyāghram), Arjuna, in the fight.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - him (masculine)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, proceeding, advancing

• महा-वेगैः (mahā-vegaiḥ) - with great speed, very swiftly (describing horses)

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses

• कपि-वर-ध्वजम् (kapi-vara-dhvajam) - whose banner bore the best of monkeys (Hanuman)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

• अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, they attacked

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valiant men

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• नवती (navatī) - ninety

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots, charioteers (metonymy)

• परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped

• नर-व्याघ्राः (nara-vyāghrāḥ) - tiger-like men, best of men, mighty men (heroes)

• नर-व्याघ्रम् (nara-vyāghram) - the tiger-like man (Arjuna)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the conflict

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, proceeding, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'yā' (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

महा-वेगैः (mahā-vegaiḥ) - with great speed, very swiftly (describing horses)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahā-vega

mahā-vega - great speed, high velocity; very swift

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+vega)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity
  noun (masculine)

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

कपि-वर-ध्वजम् (kapi-vara-dhvajam) - whose banner bore the best of monkeys (Hanuman)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kapi-vara-dhvaja

kapi-vara-dhvaja - one whose banner has the best of monkeys (Hanuman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kapi+vara+dhvaja)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, standard
  noun (masculine)

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyadravan

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, valiant men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru, a member of the Kuru dynasty

नवती (navatī) - ninety

(numeral)

Note: Conceptually plural, but grammatically singular feminine for numerals ending in 'i'

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots, charioteers (metonymy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car; charioteer (by extension)

परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of parivavruḥ

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

नर-व्याघ्राः (nara-vyāghrāḥ) - tiger-like men, best of men, mighty men (heroes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara-vyāghra

nara-vyāghra - tiger among men, pre-eminent man, hero

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

नर-व्याघ्रम् (nara-vyāghram) - the tiger-like man (Arjuna)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nara-vyāghra

nara-vyāghra - tiger among men, pre-eminent man, hero

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver