महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-37

पुत्रास्तु ते महाराज जग्मुः कर्णरथं प्रति ।
अगाधे मज्जतां तेषां द्वीपः कर्णोऽभवत्तदा ॥३७॥

37. putrāstu te mahārāja jagmuḥ karṇarathaṁ prati ,
agādhe majjatāṁ teṣāṁ dvīpaḥ karṇo'bhavattadā.

37. putrāḥ tu te mahārāja jagmuḥ karṇaratham prati
agādhe majjatām teṣām dvīpaḥ karṇaḥ abhavat tadā

37. mahārāja te putrāḥ tu karṇaratham prati jagmuḥ
agādhe majjatām teṣām karṇaḥ tadā dvīpaḥ abhavat

37. But your sons, O great king, went towards Karṇa's chariot; for them, sinking in the unfathomable (depths of battle), Karṇa became an island of refuge at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• ते (te) - your, of you

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

• कर्णरथम् (karṇaratham) - Karṇa's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, in the direction of

• अगाधे (agādhe) - in the unfathomable depths (of battle/distress) (in the unfathomable, in the deep)

• मज्जताम् (majjatām) - of those who are sinking, of those who are drowning

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

• द्वीपः (dvīpaḥ) - island, refuge

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of 'jagmuḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle used for contrast or emphasis.

ते (te) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Enclitic genitive/dative of `yuṣmad`. Here, genitive 'your'.

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `rājan` (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  Adjectival stem of `mahat`.
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect third person plural

From root `gam` (to go). Perfect (lit), parasmaipada. Reduplication `ja` for perfect. The root `gam` changes to `jagan` in the perfect stem.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'putrāḥ'.

कर्णरथम् (karṇaratham) - Karṇa's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇaratha

karṇaratha - Karṇa's chariot

Compound of `karṇa` (Karṇa) and `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇa+ratha)

• karṇa – name of a hero, son of Sūrya and Kuntī
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, in the direction of

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix governing accusative case.

Note: Governs 'karṇaratham'.

अगाधे (agādhe) - in the unfathomable depths (of battle/distress) (in the unfathomable, in the deep)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of agādha

agādha - unfathomable, very deep, profound

`a` (negation) + `gādha` (fathomable).

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (a+gādha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• gādha – fathomable, shallow, firm ground
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `gādh` (to stand firm, to dive).
  Root: gādh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'jala' (water) or 'sankata' (distress).

मज्जताम् (majjatām) - of those who are sinking, of those who are drowning

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of majjat

majjat - sinking, drowning, plunging

Present Active Participle

From root `majj` (to sink, plunge) with suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'teṣām'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons.

द्वीपः (dvīpaḥ) - island, refuge

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent, refuge

Etymologically, 'having water on two sides'.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - name of a hero, son of Sūrya and Kuntī

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect third person singular

From root `bhū` (to be). Imperfect (laṅ), parasmaipada. Takes the augment `a`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from pronominal stem `tad`.

Note: Denotes time.