महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-38

कुरवो हि महाराज निर्विषाः पन्नगा इव ।
कर्णमेवोपलीयन्त भयाद्गाण्डीवधन्वनः ॥३८॥

38. kuravo hi mahārāja nirviṣāḥ pannagā iva ,
karṇamevopalīyanta bhayādgāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ.

38. kuravaḥ hi mahārāja nirviṣāḥ pannagāḥ iva
karṇam eva upalīyanta bhayāt gāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ

38. mahārāja kuravaḥ hi nirviṣāḥ pannagāḥ iva
gāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ bhayāt karṇam eva upalīyanta

38. Indeed, O great king, the Kurus were like venomless snakes. They sought refuge solely in Karna, out of fear of Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow.

Words meanings summery:

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra and their allies (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely, because)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative, referring to Dhritarashtra) (great king, O great king)

• निर्विषाः (nirviṣāḥ) - venomless (venomless, deprived of poison)

• पन्नगाः (pannagāḥ) - snakes (snakes, creeping animals)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as, similar to)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

• एव (eva) - solely, only (indeed, only, just, exclusively)

• उपलीयन्त (upalīyanta) - they sought refuge (they took refuge, they sought shelter)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear (from fear, out of fear)

• गाण्डीवधन्वनः (gāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ) - of Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (of the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow, of Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra and their allies (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a proper noun, name of an ancient king; a descendant of Kuru; the region of Kurukshetra

Note: Plural form of Kuru, referring to the Kuru lineage, specifically the Kauravas.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative, referring to Dhritarashtra) (great king, O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

निर्विषाः (nirviṣāḥ) - venomless (venomless, deprived of poison)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirviṣa

nirviṣa - without poison, venomless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+viṣa)

• nis – out, forth, without
  indeclinable
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kuravaḥ' and 'pannagāḥ'.

पन्नगाः (pannagāḥ) - snakes (snakes, creeping animals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pannaga

pannaga - snake, serpent, literally 'creeping on the ground'

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as, similar to)

(indeclinable)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; proper name of a warrior Karna

एव (eva) - solely, only (indeed, only, just, exclusively)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that they resorted to Karna exclusively.

उपलीयन्त (upalīyanta) - they sought refuge (they took refuge, they sought shelter)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of upalī

imperfect, middle voice, 3rd person plural

from root LĪ (cl. 4, to cling, adhere, dissolve) with upasarga UPĀ, in the middle voice, imperfect tense.

Prefix: upa

Root: lī (class 4)

भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

गाण्डीवधन्वनः (gāṇḍīvadhanvanaḥ) - of Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (of the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow, of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva, wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow, an epithet of Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanus)

• gāṇḍīva – name of Arjuna's bow
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)