महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-35

ते हित्वा समरे पार्थं वध्यमानाश्च सायकैः ।
प्रदुद्रुवुर्दिशो भीताश्चुक्रुशुश्चापि सूतजम् ॥३५॥

35. te hitvā samare pārthaṁ vadhyamānāśca sāyakaiḥ ,
pradudruvurdiśo bhītāścukruśuścāpi sūtajam.

35. te hitvā samare pārtham vadhyamānāḥ ca sāyakaiḥ
pradudruvuḥ diśaḥ bhītāḥ cukruśuḥ ca api sūtajam

35. te bhiītāḥ samare pārtham hitvā sāyakaiḥ ca
vadhyamānāḥ diśaḥ pradudruvuḥ ca api sūtajam cukruśuḥ

35. And they, terrified, abandoned Arjuna (Pārtha) in battle, and being struck by arrows, they fled in all directions and also cried out to the son of the charioteer (Karṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having left, having abandoned

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in the conflict

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being struck, being killed, being wounded

• च (ca) - and, also

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - by arrows

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions, quarters (of the sky))

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried out, they shrieked

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सूतजम् (sūtajam) - to Karṇa (the son of the charioteer (Karṇa))

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the Kurus.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having left, having abandoned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `hā` (to abandon) with suffix `tvā`. The root `hā` becomes `hi` in this form.

Root: hā (class 3)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in the conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From the root `mṛ` (to die) with prefix `sam` or from `smṛ` (to remember) or `mṛ` (to fight).

Prefix: sam

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Denotes location.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Vrddhi derivative from Pṛthā.

Note: Object of 'hitvā'.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being struck, being killed, being wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being struck, being killed, being wounded

Present Passive Participle

From the root `han` (to strike, kill), which substitutes `vadh` in passive forms, with the `śānac` suffix for the present passive participle.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Joins clauses or words.

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

From root `si` (to bind, send forth) with suffix `aka`.

Root: si (class 4)

Note: Agent of 'vadhyamānāḥ'.

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of pradru

Perfect third person plural

From root `dru` (to run) with prefix `pra`. Perfect (lit), parasmaipada. Reduplication `du` for perfect.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'te'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - in all directions (directions, quarters (of the sky))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Feminine noun.

Note: Adverbial accusative.

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified, afraid

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhī` (to fear) with suffix `kta`.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried out, they shrieked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of kruś

Perfect third person plural

From root `kruś` (to cry out). Perfect (lit), parasmaipada. Reduplication `cu` for perfect.

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'te'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'pradudruvuḥ' and 'cukruśuḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes that they 'also' cried out.

सूतजम् (sūtajam) - to Karṇa (the son of the charioteer (Karṇa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūtaja

sūtaja - son of a charioteer, born of a charioteer

Compound of `sūta` (charioteer) and `ja` (born). Specifically refers to Karṇa who was raised by a charioteer.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+ja)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `jan` (to be born) with suffix `ḍa`.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'cukruśuḥ'.