महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-42

संभग्नं हि बलं दृष्ट्वा बलात्पार्थेन तावकम् ।
धनुर्विस्फारयन्कर्णस्तस्थौ शत्रुजिघांसया ।
पाञ्चालान्पुनराधावत्पश्यतः सव्यसाचिनः ॥४२॥

42. saṁbhagnaṁ hi balaṁ dṛṣṭvā balātpārthena tāvakam ,
dhanurvisphārayankarṇastasthau śatrujighāṁsayā ,
pāñcālānpunarādhāvatpaśyataḥ savyasācinaḥ.

42. saṃbhagnam hi balam dṛṣṭvā balāt
pārtena tāvakam dhanuḥ visphārayan
karṇaḥ tasthau śatrujighāṃsayā pāñcālān
punaḥ ādhāvat paśyataḥ savyasācinaḥ

42. karṇaḥ hi dṛṣṭvā tāvakam balam
saṃbhagnam balāt pārtena tasthau dhanuḥ
visphārayan śatrujighāṃsayā punaḥ
ādhāvat pāñcālān paśyataḥ savyasācinaḥ

42. Indeed, having seen your army shattered by Arjuna's might, Karṇa stood, stretching his bow with the desire to kill the enemies. He then again rushed towards the Pāñcālas, while Savyasācin (Arjuna) watched.

Words meanings summery:

• संभग्नम् (saṁbhagnam) - completely broken, shattered, defeated

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, surely

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

• पार्तेन (pārtena) - by Arjuna

• तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, belonging to you

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• विस्फारयन् (visphārayan) - stretching, twanging

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

• शत्रुजिघांसया (śatrujighāṁsayā) - with the desire to kill enemies

• पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• आधावत् (ādhāvat) - ran towards, rushed

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - seeing, while watching

• सव्यसाचिनः (savyasācinaḥ) - of Savyasācin (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

संभग्नम् (saṁbhagnam) - completely broken, shattered, defeated

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃbhagna

saṁbhagna - completely broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhañj' (to break) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, troops

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'by force'.

पार्तेन (pārtena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

Note: Agent of the action of shattering ('saṃbhagnam').

तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, belonging to you

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, thine, belonging to you

Derived from 'tvad' (you).

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of 'visphārayan'.

विस्फारयन् (visphārayan) - stretching, twanging

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visphārayat

visphārayat - stretching, causing to vibrate, twanging (a bow)

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from root 'sphur' (to throb, quiver) with causative suffix '-aya' and prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: sphur (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'karṇaḥ'.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, Karna (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'tasthau' and 'ādhāvat'.

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of sthā

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, Perfect.

Root: sthā (class 1)

शत्रुजिघांसया (śatrujighāṁsayā) - with the desire to kill enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śatrujighāṃsā

śatrujighāṁsā - desire to kill enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+jighāṃsā)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• jighāṃsā – desire to kill
  noun (feminine)
  Denominative from desiderative of root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Indicates the purpose or manner.

पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - inhabitant of Pañcāla, the Pañcāla country or its people

Note: Object of 'ādhāvat'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

आधावत् (ādhāvat) - ran towards, rushed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-dhāv

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular, Imperfect, Parasmaipada.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - seeing, while watching

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) which changes to 'paśya' in present tense forms, with suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Genitive absolute construction with 'savyasācinaḥ'.

सव्यसाचिनः (savyasācinaḥ) - of Savyasācin (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who can shoot with the left hand, an epithet of Arjuna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective
• sācin – one who shoots, one who casts (arrows)
  agent noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'ac' (to throw, to cast) with prefix 'sam' and suffix 'ṇin'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ac (class 1)

Note: Possessive for 'paśyataḥ' in genitive absolute construction.