महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-18

अश्वारोहा महाराज धावमानास्ततस्ततः ।
तत्र तत्रैव दृश्यन्ते पतिताः पार्थसायकैः ॥१८॥

18. aśvārohā mahārāja dhāvamānāstatastataḥ ,
tatra tatraiva dṛśyante patitāḥ pārthasāyakaiḥ.

18. aśvārohāḥ mahārāja dhāvamānāḥ tataḥ tataḥ
tatra tatra eva dṛśyante patitāḥ pārthasāyakaiḥ

18. mahārāja tataḥ tataḥ dhāvamānāḥ aśvārohāḥ
pārthasāyakaiḥ tatra tatra eva patitāḥ dṛśyante

18. O great king, horsemen galloping here and there were seen fallen in those very spots by Arjuna's arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• धावमानाः (dhāvamānāḥ) - running, galloping, moving swiftly

• ततः (tataḥ) - used in repetition 'tataḥ tataḥ' for 'here and there' or 'from place to place' (from there, thence, then)

• ततः (tataḥ) - used in repetition 'tataḥ tataḥ' for 'here and there' or 'from place to place' (from there, thence, then)

• तत्र (tatra) - used in repetition 'tatra tatra' for 'here and there' or 'in various spots' (there, in that place)

• तत्र (tatra) - used in repetition 'tatra tatra' for 'here and there' or 'in various spots' (there, in that place)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

• पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, dropped

• पार्थसायकैः (pārthasāyakaiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśvāroha

aśvāroha - horse-rider, cavalryman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+āroha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, mounting, ascending
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

धावमानाः (dhāvamānāḥ) - running, galloping, moving swiftly

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhāvamāna

dhāvamāna - running, flowing, hastening

Present Active Participle (śānac)

Derived from the root 'dhāv' with the śānac suffix, indicating a continuous action.

Root: dhāv (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - used in repetition 'tataḥ tataḥ' for 'here and there' or 'from place to place' (from there, thence, then)

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - used in repetition 'tataḥ tataḥ' for 'here and there' or 'from place to place' (from there, thence, then)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - used in repetition 'tatra tatra' for 'here and there' or 'in various spots' (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - used in repetition 'tatra tatra' for 'here and there' or 'in various spots' (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, passive voice, ātmanepada

From the root dṛś, passive construction 'dṛśyate' (3rd singular) / 'dṛśyante' (3rd plural).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, dropped

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle (kta)

Derived from the root 'pat' with the kta suffix, indicating a completed passive action.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective here.

पार्थसायकैः (pārthasāyakaiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārthasāyaka

pārthasāyaka - Arjuna's arrow

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (pārtha+sāyaka)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet for Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāyaka – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  Root: si (class 4)