महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-16

कुञ्जराश्च हता राजन्प्राद्रवंस्ते समन्ततः ।
अश्वाश्च पर्यधावन्त हतारोहा दिशो दश ॥१६॥

16. kuñjarāśca hatā rājanprādravaṁste samantataḥ ,
aśvāśca paryadhāvanta hatārohā diśo daśa.

16. kuñjarāḥ ca hatāḥ rājan prādravan te samantataḥ
aśvāḥ ca paryadhāvanta hatārohāḥ diśaḥ daśa

16. rājan hatāḥ kuñjarāḥ ca te samantataḥ prādravan.
ca hatārohāḥ aśvāḥ diśaḥ daśa paryadhāvanta.

16. O King, the struck-down elephants fled in all directions. And the horses, whose riders had been killed, ran about wildly in all ten directions.

Words meanings summery:

• कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

• च (ca) - and

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, struck down, wounded

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

• ते (te) - they, those

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, everywhere

• अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

• च (ca) - and

• पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, galloped around

• हतारोहाः (hatārohāḥ) - whose riders were killed, having killed riders

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• दश (daśa) - ten

Words meanings and morphology

कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, struck down, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, wounded, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'kuñjarāḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-dru

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, active voice of √dru (to run) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'kuñjarāḥ'.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronoun base

Note: Refers to the elephants.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the clauses about elephants and horses.

पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, galloped around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-dhāv

Imperfect Middle

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, middle voice of √dhāv (to run) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'aśvāḥ'.

हतारोहाः (hatārohāḥ) - whose riders were killed, having killed riders

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatāroha

hatāroha - whose riders are killed, having killed riders

Bahuvrihi compound: hata (killed) + āroha (rider)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+āroha)

• hata – killed, struck, wounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• āroha – rider, mounting, ascent
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √ruh (to rise, ascend) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aśvāḥ'.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter

Note: Object of 'paryadhāvanta', indicating direction of movement.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'diśaḥ'.