महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-34

अविषह्यं तु पार्थस्य शरसंपातमाहवे ।
मत्वा न्यवर्तन्कुरवो जिता गाण्डीवधन्वना ॥३४॥

34. aviṣahyaṁ tu pārthasya śarasaṁpātamāhave ,
matvā nyavartankuravo jitā gāṇḍīvadhanvanā.

34. aviṣahyam tu pārthasya śarasaṃpātam āhave
matvā nyavartan kuravaḥ jitāḥ gāṇḍīvadhanvanā

34. kuravaḥ gāṇḍīvadhanvanā jitāḥ pārthasya āhave
aviṣahyam śarasaṃpātam matvā tu nyavartan

34. Having realized the irresistible shower of arrows from Arjuna (Pārtha) in battle, the Kurus, vanquished by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow, retreated.

Words meanings summery:

• अविषह्यम् (aviṣahyam) - irresistible, unbearable, unconquerable

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna, of the son of Pṛthā

• शरसंपातम् (śarasaṁpātam) - shower of arrows, volley of arrows

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, having realized

• न्यवर्तन् (nyavartan) - they turned back, they retreated

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished, overcome

• गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by Arjuna, who wields the Gāṇḍīva bow (by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

Words meanings and morphology

अविषह्यम् (aviṣahyam) - irresistible, unbearable, unconquerable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aviṣahya

aviṣahya - irresistible, unbearable, unconquerable

Gerundive

Formed from the root `ṣah` (to bear) with the prefix `vi` and the negative prefix `a`, followed by a gerundive suffix (`ṇyat` or `yat`). Literally, 'not to be borne'.

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (a+viṣahya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• viṣahya – bearable, endurable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root `ṣah` (to bear) with `vi` prefix and gerundive suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ṣah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śarasaṃpātam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle used for contrast or emphasis.

पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna, of the son of Pṛthā

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Vrddhi derivative from Pṛthā.

शरसंपातम् (śarasaṁpātam) - shower of arrows, volley of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śarasaṃpāta

śarasaṁpāta - shower of arrows, volley of arrows

Compound of 'śara' (arrow) and 'saṃpāta' (falling together, shower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+saṃpāta)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• saṃpāta – falling together, shower, impact
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of 'matvā'.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, fight

From root `hve` (to call) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Denotes location/circumstance.

मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, having realized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `man` with suffix `tvā`.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Gerund, meaning 'having thought' or 'after thinking'.

न्यवर्तन् (nyavartan) - they turned back, they retreated

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nivṛt

Imperfect third person plural

From root `vṛt` (to turn) with prefix `ni`. Imperfect (laṅ), parasmaipada. The prefix `ni` combines with the `a` of the augment to form `nya` by sandhi.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas

Plural refers to the descendants of Kuru, particularly Duryodhana's faction.

Note: Subject of 'nyavartan'.

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, won, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

From root `ji` (to conquer) with suffix `kta`.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kuravaḥ'.

गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by Arjuna, who wields the Gāṇḍīva bow (by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva, wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna)

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one who has Gāṇḍīva as a bow'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – name of Arjuna's bow
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)
  N-stem noun.

Note: Agent of 'jitāḥ'.