महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-59, verse-12

तामस्त्रवृष्टिं प्रहितां द्विपस्थैर्यवनैः स्मयन् ।
चिच्छेद निशितैर्भल्लैरर्धचन्द्रैश्च फल्गुनः ॥१२॥

12. tāmastravṛṣṭiṁ prahitāṁ dvipasthairyavanaiḥ smayan ,
ciccheda niśitairbhallairardhacandraiśca phalgunaḥ.

12. tām astravṛṣṭim prahitām dvipasthaiḥ yavanaiḥ smayan
ciccheda niśitaiḥ bhallaiḥ ardhacandraiḥ ca phalgunaḥ

12. smayan phalgunaḥ dvipasthaiḥ yavanaiḥ prahitām tām
astravṛṣṭim niśitaiḥ bhallaiḥ ardhacandraiḥ ca ciccheda

12. Smiling, Arjuna (phalgunaḥ) cut down that shower of weapons (astravṛṣṭim) which had been dispatched by the Yavanas positioned on elephants, using sharp arrows and crescent-shaped arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• अस्त्रवृष्टिम् (astravṛṣṭim) - shower of weapons

• प्रहिताम् (prahitām) - sent, dispatched

• द्विपस्थैः (dvipasthaiḥ) - by those standing on elephants

• यवनैः (yavanaiḥ) - by the Yavanas (Greeks, foreigners)

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling, laughing

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he pierced, he broke

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, whetted

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with a type of arrow, with broad-headed arrows

• अर्धचन्द्रैः (ardhacandraiḥ) - with crescent-shaped arrows

• च (ca) - and

• फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna (name for Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

अस्त्रवृष्टिम् (astravṛṣṭim) - shower of weapons

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of astravṛṣṭi

astravṛṣṭi - a rain or shower of weapons

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (astra+vṛṣṭi)

• astra – a weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)

प्रहिताम् (prahitām) - sent, dispatched

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prahita

prahita - sent, dispatched, directed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix pra- (and secondary root hi) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'astravṛṣṭim'

द्विपस्थैः (dvipasthaiḥ) - by those standing on elephants

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvipastha

dvipastha - standing on an elephant

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (dvipa+stha)

• dvipa – elephant (lit. 'two-drinker')
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yavanaiḥ'

यवनैः (yavanaiḥ) - by the Yavanas (Greeks, foreigners)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yavana

yavana - a Greek, Ionian; a foreigner, barbarian

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling, laughing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayat

smayat - smiling, laughing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root smi (to smile) + śatṛ suffix

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'phalgunaḥ'

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he pierced, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of chid

Root: chid (class 7)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni- + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bhallaiḥ' and 'ardhacandraiḥ'

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with a type of arrow, with broad-headed arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, broad-headed arrow

अर्धचन्द्रैः (ardhacandraiḥ) - with crescent-shaped arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ardhacandra

ardhacandra - half-moon, crescent-shaped; a crescent-shaped arrow

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

फल्गुनः (phalgunaḥ) - Arjuna (name for Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (an epithet)