महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-96, verse-40

ततः स रथिनां श्रेष्ठस्तव पुत्रस्य सारथिम् ।
आजघानाशु भल्लेन स हतो न्यपतद्भुवि ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ sa rathināṁ śreṣṭhastava putrasya sārathim ,
ājaghānāśu bhallena sa hato nyapatadbhuvi.

40. tataḥ saḥ rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ tava putrasya sārathim
ājaghāna āśu bhallena saḥ hataḥ nyapatat bhuvi

40. tataḥ saḥ rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ tava putrasya sārathim
āśu bhallena ājaghāna saḥ hataḥ bhuvi nyapatat

40. Then, that foremost among charioteers quickly struck your son's charioteer with a spear-like arrow (bhalla). Struck down, he fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, thence, afterwards)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the attacker) (he, that)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (among charioteers) (best, chief, foremost)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• आजघान (ājaghāna) - struck (with an arrow) (struck, killed)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla (arrow)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the charioteer who was struck) (he, that)

• हतः (hataḥ) - struck (by the arrow) (struck, killed, injured)

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'tad' used as an indeclinable adverb

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the attacker) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who has a chariot

derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (among charioteers) (best, chief, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, chief, most excellent

superlative degree of 'praśasya' (excellent)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

from 'saratha' (with a chariot) + 'i' suffix

आजघान (ājaghāna) - struck (with an arrow) (struck, killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

perfect tense

perfect 3rd person singular, root 'han' with reduplication and 'ā' prefix

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla (arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a spear, dart, kind of arrow

सः (saḥ) - he (the charioteer who was struck) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'

हतः (hataḥ) - struck (by the arrow) (struck, killed, injured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: acting as an adjective to 'saḥ'

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

imperfect tense

imperfect 3rd person singular, root 'pat' with 'ni' prefix

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, place