महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-78, verse-9

विस्मयो मे महान्पार्थ तव दृष्ट्वा शरानिमान् ।
व्यर्थान्निपततः संख्ये दुर्योधनरथं प्रति ॥९॥

9. vismayo me mahānpārtha tava dṛṣṭvā śarānimān ,
vyarthānnipatataḥ saṁkhye duryodhanarathaṁ prati.

9. vismayaḥ me mahān pārtha tava dṛṣṭvā śarān imān
vyarthān nipatataḥ saṅkhye duryodhanaratham prati

9. pārtha tava imān vyarthān duryodhanaratham prati
saṅkhye nipatataḥ śarān dṛṣṭvā me mahān vismayaḥ

9. O Pārtha, my astonishment is great upon seeing these arrows of yours fall uselessly in battle, directed towards Duryodhana's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• विस्मयः (vismayaḥ) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

• मे (me) - my, to me

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

• तव (tava) - your

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• इमान् (imān) - these

• व्यर्थान् (vyarthān) - useless, in vain, fruitless

• निपततः (nipatataḥ) - falling, descending

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle

• दुर्योधनरथम् (duryodhanaratham) - Duryodhana's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against

Words meanings and morphology

विस्मयः (vismayaḥ) - wonder, astonishment, surprise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - astonishment, wonder, surprise, amazement

From vi-√smī (to wonder)

Prefix: vi

Root: smī (class 1)

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a name for Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

इमान् (imān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this

व्यर्थान् (vyarthān) - useless, in vain, fruitless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vyartha

vyartha - useless, vain, unmeaning

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+artha)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

निपततः (nipatataḥ) - falling, descending

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nipatant

nipatant - falling down, descending

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √pat (to fall) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, fight

दुर्योधनरथम् (duryodhanaratham) - Duryodhana's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhanaratha

duryodhanaratha - chariot of Duryodhana

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+ratha)

• duryodhana – name of the eldest Kaurava prince
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against

(indeclinable)