महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-78, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
एवमुक्त्वार्जुनं राजा त्रिभिर्मर्मातिगैः शरैः ।
प्रत्यविध्यन्महावेगैश्चतुर्भिश्चतुरो हयान् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
evamuktvārjunaṁ rājā tribhirmarmātigaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
pratyavidhyanmahāvegaiścaturbhiścaturo hayān.

1. sajaya uvāca evam uktvā arjunam rājā tribhiḥ marma atigaiḥ
śaraiḥ prati avidhyat mahāvegaiḥ caturbhiḥ caturaḥ hayān

1. sajaya uvāca - rājā evam arjunam uktvā tribhiḥ marmātigaiḥ śaraiḥ (tam) pratyavidhyat,
(tathā) mahāvegaiḥ caturbhiḥ (śaraiḥ) caturaḥ hayān (pratyavidhyat ca)

1. Saṃjaya said: Having thus spoken to Arjuna, the king struck him with three arrows that penetrated vital spots, and with four exceedingly swift arrows, he struck his four horses.

Words meanings summery:

• सजय (sajaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (a proper name)

• राजा (rājā) - The king, likely Duryodhana or Karṇa, given the battle context. (king)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

• मर्म (marma) - vital spot, vulnerable point

• अतिगैः (atigaiḥ) - penetrating, passing through, going beyond

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

• महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - with great speed, very swift (arrows)

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

Words meanings and morphology

सजय (sajaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sajaya

sajaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root vac + -tvā suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

राजा (rājā) - The king, likely Duryodhana or Karṇa, given the battle context. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.

मर्म (marma) - vital spot, vulnerable point

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of marman

marman - vital spot, vulnerable point, joint (of the body)

Note: First part of a compound.

अतिगैः (atigaiḥ) - penetrating, passing through, going beyond

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of atiga

atiga - going beyond, surpassing, penetrating, transgressing

Derived from prefix ati + root gam/i

Prefix: ati

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Second part of a compound 'marmātiga'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

प्रति (prati) - towards, against

(indeclinable)

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - with great speed, very swift (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāvega

mahāvega - great speed, mighty impulse; (as adj.) of great speed, very swift

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+vega)

• mahat – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impetuosity
  noun (masculine)

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - with four

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Agrees with implicit 'śaraiḥ'.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Agrees with 'hayān'.

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse