महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-78, verse-40

ते दृष्ट्वा सहसा पार्थं गोप्तारः सैन्धवस्य तु ।
चक्रुर्नादान्बहुविधान्कम्पयन्तो वसुंधराम् ॥४०॥

40. te dṛṣṭvā sahasā pārthaṁ goptāraḥ saindhavasya tu ,
cakrurnādānbahuvidhānkampayanto vasuṁdharām.

40. te dṛṣṭvā sahasā pārtham goptāraḥ saindhavasya tu
cakruḥ nādān bahuvidhān kampayantaḥ vasundharām

40. tu te saindhavasya goptāraḥ sahasā pārtham dṛṣṭvā,
bahuvidhān nādān cakruḥ,
vasundharām kampayantaḥ

40. But those protectors of Jayadratha, having suddenly seen Pārtha (Arjuna), emitted various roars, causing the earth to tremble.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

• गोप्तारः (goptāraḥ) - protectors, guardians

• सैन्धवस्य (saindhavasya) - of the Sindhu king, of Jayadratha

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

• नादान् (nādān) - sounds, roars, cries

• बहुविधान् (bahuvidhān) - of many kinds, various

• कम्पयन्तः (kampayantaḥ) - shaking, causing to tremble

• वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

√dṛś (to see) + ktvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of 'sahas' (force) used adverbially

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - Pārtha (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī, specifically Arjuna)

गोप्तारः (goptāraḥ) - protectors, guardians

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of goptṛ

goptṛ - protector, guardian

सैन्धवस्य (saindhavasya) - of the Sindhu king, of Jayadratha

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu, a king of Sindhu (Jayadratha)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नादान् (nādān) - sounds, roars, cries

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāda

nāda - sound, roar, cry

बहुविधान् (bahuvidhān) - of many kinds, various

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, various

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – much, many
  adjective
• vidha – kind, sort
  noun (masculine)

कम्पयन्तः (kampayantaḥ) - shaking, causing to tremble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kampayat

kampayat - shaking, causing to tremble

Present Active Participle (causative)

√kamp (to tremble) in causative stem (kampa-i) + śatṛ (suffix for PAP)

Root: kamp (class 1)

वसुन्धराम् (vasundharām) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasundharā

vasundharā - earth (lit. "bearer of wealth")

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vasu+dharā)

• vasu – wealth, treasure
  noun (neuter)
• dharā – holding, bearing
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from √dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)