महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-78, verse-5

अष्टाविंशत्तु तान्बाणानस्तान्विप्रेक्ष्य निष्फलान् ।
अब्रवीत्परवीरघ्नः कृष्णोऽर्जुनमिदं वचः ॥५॥

5. aṣṭāviṁśattu tānbāṇānastānviprekṣya niṣphalān ,
abravītparavīraghnaḥ kṛṣṇo'rjunamidaṁ vacaḥ.

5. aṣṭāviṃśat tu tān bāṇān astān viprekṣya niṣphalān
abravīt paravīraghnaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ arjunam idam vacaḥ

5. paravīraghnaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ tān astān niṣphalān aṣṭāviṃśat
bāṇān viprekṣya tu idam vacaḥ arjunam abravīt

5. But observing those twenty-eight shot arrows to be fruitless, Kṛṣṇa (kṛṣṇa), the slayer of enemy heroes, spoke these words to Arjuna.

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टाविंशत् (aṣṭāviṁśat) - twenty-eight (arrows) (twenty-eight)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those, them)

• बाणान् (bāṇān) - arrows

• अस्तान् (astān) - shot (arrows) (thrown, shot, discharged)

• विप्रेक्ष्य (viprekṣya) - observing carefully (having seen, having observed carefully)

• निष्फलान् (niṣphalān) - fruitless, useless (arrows) (fruitless, useless, ineffectual)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he said, spoke)

• परवीरघ्नः (paravīraghnaḥ) - slayer of enemy heroes (epithet for Kṛṣṇa) (slayer of enemy heroes)

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (kṛṣṇa) (Kṛṣṇa)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - to Arjuna

• इदम् (idam) - this (word/speech) (this, these)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टाविंशत् (aṣṭāviṁśat) - twenty-eight (arrows) (twenty-eight)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifying 'bāṇān'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बाणान् (bāṇān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

अस्तान् (astān) - shot (arrows) (thrown, shot, discharged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asta

asta - thrown, shot, discharged, cast

Past Passive Participle

From root √as (to throw, cast).

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifying 'bāṇān'.

विप्रेक्ष्य (viprekṣya) - observing carefully (having seen, having observed carefully)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root √īkṣ (to see) with upasargas 'vi' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

निष्फलान् (niṣphalān) - fruitless, useless (arrows) (fruitless, useless, ineffectual)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niṣphala

niṣphala - fruitless, useless, ineffectual

Compound 'nis' (without) + 'phala' (fruit).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (nis+phala)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, effect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifying 'bāṇān'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect, Parasmaipada, from root √brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

परवीरघ्नः (paravīraghnaḥ) - slayer of enemy heroes (epithet for Kṛṣṇa) (slayer of enemy heroes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravīraghna

paravīraghna - slayer of hostile heroes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+vīra+ghna)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective
• vīra – hero, brave man
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – slaying, killing, destroyer
  adjective
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root √han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifying 'Kṛṣṇaḥ'.

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (kṛṣṇa) (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a divine figure); black, dark

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - to Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas); white, silver-colored

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

इदम् (idam) - this (word/speech) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Qualifying 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying