महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-78, verse-34

ते हता हन्यमानाश्च न्यगृह्णंस्तं रथोत्तमम् ।
स रथस्तम्भितस्तस्थौ क्रोशमात्रं समन्ततः ॥३४॥

34. te hatā hanyamānāśca nyagṛhṇaṁstaṁ rathottamam ,
sa rathastambhitastasthau krośamātraṁ samantataḥ.

34. te hatāḥ hanyamānāḥ ca nyagṛhṇan tam rathottamam
saḥ rathastambhitaḥ tasthau krośamātram samantataḥ

34. hatāḥ ca hanyamānāḥ te tam rathottamam nyagṛhṇan
saḥ rathastambhitaḥ samantataḥ krośamātram tasthau

34. Both those [chariots and elephants] that were killed and those that were being killed held back that excellent chariot. That chariot, obstructed by the fallen chariots, stood motionless for about a *krośa* in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those [chariots and elephants] from the previous verse (they, those)

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, struck, slain

• हन्यमानाः (hanyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being slain

• च (ca) - and

• न्यगृह्णन् (nyagṛhṇan) - they held back, they stopped

• तम् (tam) - that

• रथोत्तमम् (rathottamam) - excellent chariot, best of chariots

• सः (saḥ) - that chariot (he, that)

• रथस्तम्भितः (rathastambhitaḥ) - obstructed by chariots, stuck by chariots

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood, it stood, remained

• क्रोशमात्रम् (krośamātram) - for a distance of a *krośa*, only a *krośa*

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, all around, everywhere

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those [chariots and elephants] from the previous verse (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Root: han (class 2)

हन्यमानाः (hanyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hanyamāna

hanyamāna - being killed, being struck

Present Passive Participle

Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न्यगृह्णन् (nyagṛhṇan) - they held back, they stopped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ni-grah

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

रथोत्तमम् (rathottamam) - excellent chariot, best of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - excellent chariot, best chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective

सः (saḥ) - that chariot (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

रथस्तम्भितः (rathastambhitaḥ) - obstructed by chariots, stuck by chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastambhita

rathastambhita - stopped/obstructed by chariots

Compound type : tṛtīyā tatpuruṣa (ratha+stambhita)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stambhita – stopped, obstructed, paralyzed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: stambh (class 1)

तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood, it stood, remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

क्रोशमात्रम् (krośamātram) - for a distance of a *krośa*, only a *krośa*

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of krośamātra

krośamātra - a *krośa* in extent, only a *krośa*

Compound type : karmadhāraya (krośa+mātra)

• krośa – a measure of distance (approx. 2.25 miles or 3.6 km)
  noun (masculine)
• mātra – measure, amount, only, merely
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate extent.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, all around, everywhere

(indeclinable)