महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-78, verse-24

ततो दुर्योधनः कृष्णौ नवभिर्नतपर्वभिः ।
अविध्यत रणे राजञ्शरैराशीविषोपमैः ।
भूय एवाभ्यवर्षच्च समरे कृष्णपाण्डवौ ॥२४॥

24. tato duryodhanaḥ kṛṣṇau navabhirnataparvabhiḥ ,
avidhyata raṇe rājañśarairāśīviṣopamaiḥ ,
bhūya evābhyavarṣacca samare kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau.

24. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ kṛṣṇau navabhiḥ
nataparvabhiḥ avidhyata raṇe rājan
śaraiḥ āśīviṣopamaiḥ bhūyaḥ eva
abhyavarṣat ca samare kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau

24. rājan tataḥ duryodhanaḥ raṇe kṛṣṇau
navabhiḥ nataparvabhiḥ śaraiḥ
āśīviṣopamaiḥ avidhyata ca bhūyaḥ eva
samare kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau abhyavarṣat

24. Then, O King, Duryodhana struck Krishna and Arjuna (kṛṣṇau) in battle with nine arrows that had bent joints, and with arrows resembling venomous snakes. And again, he showered Krishna and the Pandava (kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau) in that battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Krishna and Arjuna (the two Krishnas)

• नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - by nine

• नतपर्वभिः (nataparvabhiḥ) - with bent joints/knots (of arrows)

• अविध्यत (avidhyata) - he pierced, he struck

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• आशीविषोपमैः (āśīviṣopamaiḥ) - like venomous snakes

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• अभ्यवर्षत् (abhyavarṣat) - he showered upon

• च (ca) - and

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in the war

• कृष्णपाण्डवौ (kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau) - Krishna and the son of Pandu (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest Kaurava prince)

Compound of 'dur' (difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighting)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yudh' (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Krishna and Arjuna (the two Krishnas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black; Krishna (the deity); Vyasa (Dvaipāyana)

Note: Accusative dual masculine, referring to Krishna and Arjuna as 'the two Krishnas'.

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - by nine

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'śaraiḥ'.

नतपर्वभिः (nataparvabhiḥ) - with bent joints/knots (of arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of nataparvan

nataparvan - having bent knots/joints; an epithet for a certain type of arrow

Compound of 'nata' (bent) and 'parvan' (knot/joint)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nata+parvan)

• nata – bent, bowed, humbled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'nam' (to bend)
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – knot, joint, section, limb; festival
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'śaraiḥ'.

अविध्यत (avidhyata) - he pierced, he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Imperfect 3rd singular middle voice (ātmanepada). Root 'vyadh' is often used in middle voice in epic Sanskrit.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight; sound, cry

Note: Locative singular masculine.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Vocative singular.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed, dart

Note: Instrumental plural masculine.

आशीविषोपमैः (āśīviṣopamaiḥ) - like venomous snakes

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of āśīviṣopama

āśīviṣopama - resembling venomous snakes

Compound of 'āśīviṣa' (venomous snake) and 'upama' (resembling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āśīviṣa+upama)

• āśīviṣa – a venomous snake (literally 'one whose hiss is poison')
  noun (masculine)
• upama – resembling, like, similar to
  adjective

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with 'śaraiḥ'.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अभ्यवर्षत् (abhyavarṣat) - he showered upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Imperfect 3rd singular active. From root 'vṛṣ' with prefix 'abhi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in the war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Note: Locative singular masculine.

कृष्णपाण्डवौ (kṛṣṇapāṇḍavau) - Krishna and the son of Pandu (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kṛṣṇapāṇḍava

kṛṣṇapāṇḍava - Krishna and the Pandava (Arjuna)

Dvanda compound of Krishna and Pandava

Compound type : dvandva (kṛṣṇa+pāṇḍava)

• kṛṣṇa – Krishna
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – son of Pandu, Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derivative of 'Paṇḍu'

Note: Accusative dual masculine, referring to Krishna and Arjuna.