महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-163, verse-48

नाज्ञायत ततः किंचित्पुनरेव विशां पते ।
प्रवृत्ते तुमुले युद्धे द्रोणपाण्डवयोर्मृधे ॥४८॥

48. nājñāyata tataḥ kiṁcitpunareva viśāṁ pate ,
pravṛtte tumule yuddhe droṇapāṇḍavayormṛdhe.

48. na ajñāyata tataḥ kiñcit punar eva viśām pate
| pravṛtte tumule yuddhe droṇapāṇḍavayoḥ mṛdhe

48. viśām pate,
tataḥ,
droṇapāṇḍavayoḥ tumule yuddhe mṛdhe pravṛtte,
kiñcit na punar eva ajñāyata.

48. O lord of the people, then, as that tumultuous battle between Droṇa and the Pāṇḍavas raged, nothing at all could be discerned from it.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अज्ञायत (ajñāyata) - could not be discerned (was not known, could not be known, was not understood)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, as a result (then, thence, from that)

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything at all (anything, something, a little)

• पुनर् (punar) - again, anew, but

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word 'punar' (again indeed, still) (indeed, only, just)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - as it raged on, when it had commenced (having started, having begun, when it had begun)

• तुमुले (tumule) - tumultuous, fierce, violent, noisy

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the fight

• द्रोणपाण्डवयोः (droṇapāṇḍavayoḥ) - of Droṇa and the Pāṇḍavas

• मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अज्ञायत (ajñāyata) - could not be discerned (was not known, could not be known, was not understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Imperfect Passive

Root jñā (9th class) + ya (passive suffix) + ata (3rd person singular middle ending) with augment a.

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, as a result (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) with tas suffix

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything at all (anything, something, a little)

(indeclinable)

From kim (what) + cid (particle of indefiniteness)

Note: Acts adverbially here with na meaning 'not anything'.

पुनर् (punar) - again, anew, but

(indeclinable)

From puṇya or pur (former, ancient)

एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding word 'punar' (again indeed, still) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, clan

From root viś (to enter, settle)

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of the vocative compound viśām pate.

पते (pate) - (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who is the 'lord of the people'.

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - as it raged on, when it had commenced (having started, having begun, when it had begun)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, engaged in, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Prefix pra + root vṛt (to turn, to exist) + ta (PPP suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

तुमुले (tumule) - tumultuous, fierce, violent, noisy

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, fierce, noisy, confused

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

द्रोणपाण्डवयोः (droṇapāṇḍavayoḥ) - of Droṇa and the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of droṇapāṇḍava

droṇapāṇḍava - Droṇa and the Pāṇḍavas

Dvandva compound of Droṇa and Pāṇḍava.

Compound type : dvandva (droṇa+pāṇḍava)

• droṇa – Droṇa (a proper name, the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from Pāṇḍu with aṇ suffix.

Note: Genitive dual indicates 'of Droṇa and the Pāṇḍavas'.

मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛdh

mṛdh - battle, conflict, struggle

From root mṛdh (to fight)

Root: mṛdh

Note: Redundant with yuddhe in meaning, emphasizing the battle.