महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-163, verse-47

यदा न गम्यते पारं तयोरन्यतरस्य वा ।
ततः संकुलयुद्धेन तद्युद्धं व्यकुलीकृतम् ॥४७॥

47. yadā na gamyate pāraṁ tayoranyatarasya vā ,
tataḥ saṁkulayuddhena tadyuddhaṁ vyakulīkṛtam.

47. yadā na gamyate pāram tayoḥ anyatarasya vā |
tataḥ saṃkulayuddhena tat yuddham vyakulīkṛtam

47. yadā tayoḥ anyatarasya pāram vā na gamyate,
tataḥ tat yuddham saṃkulayuddhena vyakulīkṛtam

47. When the limit or decisive end of either of the two sides could not be discerned, then that battle became utterly confused due to the tumultuous fighting.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• न (na) - not, no

• गम्यते (gamyate) - can be discerned, can be found (is gone, is reached, is understood, is attained)

• पारम् (pāram) - decisive end, victory (shore, limit, end, other side)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of the two sides (armies) (of those two, of them two)

• अन्यतरस्य (anyatarasya) - of either one (of the two sides) (of either, of either one)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, as a result (then, thence, from that)

• संकुलयुद्धेन (saṁkulayuddhena) - by a confused battle, by a tumultuous fight

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• व्यकुलीकृतम् (vyakulīkṛtam) - was made confused, was thrown into disorder, was agitated

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गम्यते (gamyate) - can be discerned, can be found (is gone, is reached, is understood, is attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Passive

Root gam (1st class) + ya (passive suffix) + te (3rd person singular middle ending)

Root: gam (class 1)

पारम् (pāram) - decisive end, victory (shore, limit, end, other side)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - shore, limit, end, other side, completion

Root: pṛ

Note: Object of the passive verb gamyate

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of the two sides (armies) (of those two, of them two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the two opposing armies or parties in the battle.

अन्यतरस्य (anyatarasya) - of either one (of the two sides) (of either, of either one)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of anyatara

anyatara - either (of two), one of two

anyat + tara (suffix for 'either of two')

Note: Agrees with tayoḥ in sense, specifying 'of either one of those two'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, as a result (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) with tas suffix

संकुलयुद्धेन (saṁkulayuddhena) - by a confused battle, by a tumultuous fight

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of saṃkulayuddha

saṁkulayuddha - confused battle, tumultuous fight, close-quarter combat

Compound type : karmadhāraya (saṃkula+yuddha)

• saṃkula – confused, crowded, tumultuous, agitated
  adjective
  From root kul (to collect, crowd) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Cause of the confusion of the battle.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the main battle itself.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of vyakulīkṛtam (was made confused).

व्यकुलीकृतम् (vyakulīkṛtam) - was made confused, was thrown into disorder, was agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyākulīkṛta

vyākulīkṛta - made confused, agitated, disordered

Past Passive Participle

Formed by joining the stem vyākulī (from vyākula, meaning agitated or confused, with the ī indicating a causative or denominative formation) with kṛta (PPP of kṛ, to make). So, 'made agitated'.

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (vyākula+kṛta)

• vyākula – agitated, confused, bewildered
  adjective
  vi (prefix) + ā (prefix) + kula (stem related to 'stirring up')
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make) with ta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implied verb 'was' completes the passive past tense.