महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-163, verse-4

यदा त्वसंगृहीतत्वात्प्रयान्त्यश्वा यथासुखम् ।
ततो दुःशासनः सूतं बुद्धवान्गतचेतसम् ॥४॥

4. yadā tvasaṁgṛhītatvātprayāntyaśvā yathāsukham ,
tato duḥśāsanaḥ sūtaṁ buddhavāngatacetasam.

4. yadā tu asaṃgṛhītatvāt prayānti aśvāḥ yathāsukham
tataḥ duḥśāsanaḥ sūtam buddhāvān gatacetasam

4. yadā tu asaṃgṛhītatvāt aśvāḥ yathāsukham prayānti
tataḥ duḥśāsanaḥ gatacetasam sūtam buddhāvān

4. However, when the horses began to move at will, being uncontrolled, then Duḥśāsana realized that the charioteer had lost consciousness.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• असंगृहीतत्वात् (asaṁgṛhītatvāt) - due to the state of being uncontrolled, from want of control

• प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go forth, they proceed

• अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

• यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - as desired, at will, comfortably

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from that

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer, bard

• बुद्धावान् (buddhāvān) - who perceived, who knew, having known

• गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - whose consciousness has departed, unconscious, dead

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

असंगृहीतत्वात् (asaṁgṛhītatvāt) - due to the state of being uncontrolled, from want of control

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of asaṃgṛhītatva

asaṁgṛhītatva - the state of being uncontrolled, lack of restraint

Formed from asaṃgṛhīta (uncontrolled) + -tva (abstract suffix)

Compound type : tatpurusha (asaṃgṛhīta+tva)

• asaṃgṛhīta – uncontrolled, unrestrained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (negative)
  From A- (not) + SAṂGṚHĪTA (PPP of SAṂ-GRAH)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: grah (class 9)
• tva – suffix denoting abstract quality, -ness, -hood
  indeclinable (neuter)
  Suffix to form abstract nouns

प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go forth, they proceed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of prayā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

यथासुखम् (yathāsukham) - as desired, at will, comfortably

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer, bard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

बुद्धावान् (buddhāvān) - who perceived, who knew, having known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhāvat

buddhāvat - having known, having perceived, intelligent

Past Active Participle

Derived from root BUDH (to know, perceive) with the Kānac (शानच्) suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

गतचेतसम् (gatacetasam) - whose consciousness has departed, unconscious, dead

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatacetas

gatacetas - one whose consciousness has gone, unconscious, dead

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+cetas)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root GAM (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)