महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-163, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततो दुःशासनः क्रुद्धः सहदेवमुपाद्रवत् ।
रथवेगेन तीव्रेण कम्पयन्निव मेदिनीम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tato duḥśāsanaḥ kruddhaḥ sahadevamupādravat ,
rathavegena tīvreṇa kampayanniva medinīm.

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ duḥśāsanaḥ kruddhaḥ sahadevam
upādravat rathavegena tīvreṇa kampayan iva medinīm

1. sañjaya uvāca: tataḥ kruddhaḥ duḥśāsanaḥ tīvreṇa
rathavegena medinīm kampayan iva sahadevam upādravat

1. Sañjaya said: Then, enraged, Duḥśāsana rushed towards Sahadeva with fierce chariot-speed, as if making the earth tremble.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Sañjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - One of the Kaurava brothers. (Duḥśāsana)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers. (Sahadeva)

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - rushed towards, attacked

• रथवेगेन (rathavegena) - by the speed of the chariot, with chariot-speed

• तीव्रेण (tīvreṇa) - fierce, intense, sharp

• कम्पयन् (kampayan) - causing to tremble, shaking

• इव (iva) - Expresses simile. (as if, like, as)

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth, the ground

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - The charioteer and narrator to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd person singular Parasmaipada

From root vac, class 2

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad (that) with suffix -tas

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - One of the Kaurava brothers. (Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• śāsana – ruler, command, discipline
  noun (masculine)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, furious

Past Passive Participle (adjectival use)

From root krudh (to be angry), suffix -ta

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Duḥśāsana.

सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers. (Sahadeva)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (proper name)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+deva)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• deva – god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of upādravat.

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - rushed towards, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upa-dru

Imperfect 3rd person singular Parasmaipada

From root dru (to run), class 1, with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)

रथवेगेन (rathavegena) - by the speed of the chariot, with chariot-speed

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavega

rathavega - speed of a chariot

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+vega)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity
  noun (masculine)

तीव्रेण (tīvreṇa) - fierce, intense, sharp

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tīvra

tīvra - fierce, intense, sharp, violent

Note: Agrees with rathavegena.

कम्पयन् (kampayan) - causing to tremble, shaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kampayat

kampayat - causing to tremble, shaking

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative stem kampaya of root kamp (to tremble), class 1, with suffix -śatṛ

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Duḥśāsana, describing his action.

इव (iva) - Expresses simile. (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth, the ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - the earth, the ground

Note: Object of kampayan.