महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-112, verse-36

एकत्रिंशन्महाराज पुत्रांस्तव महारथान् ।
हतान्दुर्योधनो दृष्ट्वा क्षत्तुः सस्मार तद्वचः ॥३६॥

36. ekatriṁśanmahārāja putrāṁstava mahārathān ,
hatānduryodhano dṛṣṭvā kṣattuḥ sasmāra tadvacaḥ.

36. ekatriṃśat mahārāja putrān tava mahārathān hatān
duryodhanaḥ dṛṣṭvā kṣattuḥ sasmāra tat vacaḥ

36. mahārāja duryodhanaḥ tava ekatriṃśat mahārathān
putrān hatān dṛṣṭvā kṣattuḥ tat vacaḥ sasmāra

36. O great king, when Duryodhana saw thirty-one of your great charioteer sons slain, he remembered Vidura's words.

Words meanings summery:

• एकत्रिंशत् (ekatriṁśat) - thirty-one

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O great king)

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

• हतान् (hatān) - slain, killed

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• क्षत्तुः (kṣattuḥ) - The sage Vidura, half-brother of Dhritarashtra, renowned for his wisdom. (of Vidura)

• सस्मार (sasmāra) - remembered

• तत् (tat) - Referring to Vidura's earlier words (that, his)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

Words meanings and morphology

एकत्रिंशत् (ekatriṁśat) - thirty-one

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (eka+triṃśat)

• eka – one
  numeral
• triṃśat – thirty
  numeral

Note: It's an indeclinable numeral often treated as an adjective agreeing with the noun it qualifies. Here, it refers to 'sons'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

Note: Often used as an adjective for a warrior.

हतान् (hatān) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: It modifies 'putrān'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - The eldest son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name), hard to fight with

From dur (difficult) + yodhana (fighting)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Action noun from yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: It indicates a completed action preceding the main verb.

क्षत्तुः (kṣattuḥ) - The sage Vidura, half-brother of Dhritarashtra, renowned for his wisdom. (of Vidura)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - doorkeeper, chamberlain, charioteer, Vidura (proper name)

Root: kṣad

Note: Refers to Vidura.

सस्मार (sasmāra) - remembered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of smṛ

Perfect Active

3rd singular perfect active of smṛ

Root: smṛ (class 1)

तत् (tat) - Referring to Vidura's earlier words (that, his)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those, him, her, it

Note: Adjectival pronoun modifying 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The object of 'sasmāra'.