महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-16, verse-42

दृष्ट्वा चमूमुखे भीष्मं समकम्पन्त पाण्डवाः ।
सृञ्जयाश्च महेष्वासा धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमाः ॥४२॥

42. dṛṣṭvā camūmukhe bhīṣmaṁ samakampanta pāṇḍavāḥ ,
sṛñjayāśca maheṣvāsā dhṛṣṭadyumnapurogamāḥ.

42. dṛṣṭvā camūmukhe bhīṣmam samakampanta pāṇḍavāḥ
sṛñjayāḥ ca maheṣvāsāḥ dhṛṣṭadyumna-purōgamāḥ

42. camūmukhe bhīṣmam dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavāḥ ca
dhṛṣṭadyumna-purōgamāḥ maheṣvāsāḥ sṛñjayāḥ samakampanta

42. Having seen Bhishma at the vanguard of the army, the Pandavas, and the great archer (maheṣvāsa) Srinjayas led by Dhrishtadyumna, all trembled.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• चमूमुखे (camūmukhe) - at the head of the army, in the front of the battle array

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Grandfather Bhishma, commander of the Kaurava army. (Bhishma)

• समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - they trembled, they shook violently

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The sons of Pandu, principal heroes of the Mahabharata. (the Pandavas)

• सृञ्जयाः (sṛñjayāḥ) - An allied tribe fighting alongside the Pandavas. (the Srinjayas)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

• धृष्टद्युम्न-पुर्ओगमाः (dhṛṣṭadyumna-purōgamāḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna was the commander-in-chief of the Pandava army. (led by Dhrishtadyumna, having Dhrishtadyumna as their leader)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś + ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

चमूमुखे (camūmukhe) - at the head of the army, in the front of the battle array

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of camūmukha

camūmukha - head of an army, vanguard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (camū+mukha)

• camū – army, host
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cam
• mukha – face, mouth, front, opening
  noun (neuter)
  Root: muk

Note: Indicates location.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Grandfather Bhishma, commander of the Kaurava army. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a name); terrible, formidable

From root bhī (to fear) + sma

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - they trembled, they shook violently

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect indicative (laṅ) of sam-kamp

Root kamp (to tremble) with upasarga sam- (together, completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The sons of Pandu, principal heroes of the Mahabharata. (the Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu

Note: Subject of samakampanta.

सृञ्जयाः (sṛñjayāḥ) - An allied tribe fighting alongside the Pandavas. (the Srinjayas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - name of an ancient people/tribe

Note: Co-subject with Pandavas.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects pāṇḍavāḥ and sṛñjayāḥ.

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, having a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From root mah (to be great).
  Root: mah
• iṣvāsa – bow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies sṛñjayāḥ.

धृष्टद्युम्न-पुर्ओगमाः (dhṛṣṭadyumna-purōgamāḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna was the commander-in-chief of the Pandava army. (led by Dhrishtadyumna, having Dhrishtadyumna as their leader)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛṣṭadyumna-purōgama

dhṛṣṭadyumna-purōgama - having Dhrishtadyumna as the one going before/leading

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭadyumna+purōgama)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhrishtadyumna (name of a Pandava ally)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purōgama – going before, leading, leader
  adjective (masculine)
  From puras (before) + gam (to go) + a.
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies sṛñjayāḥ.