महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-16, verse-11

तेष्वनीकेषु यत्तेषु व्यूढेषु च विधानतः ।
दुर्योधनो महाराज दुःशासनमथाब्रवीत् ॥११॥

11. teṣvanīkeṣu yatteṣu vyūḍheṣu ca vidhānataḥ ,
duryodhano mahārāja duḥśāsanamathābravīt.

11. teṣu anīkeṣu yatteṣu vyūḍheṣu ca vidhānataḥ
duryodhanaḥ mahārāja duḥśāsanam atha abravīt

11. mahārāja teṣu yatteṣu ca vidhānataḥ vyūḍheṣu
anīkeṣu atha duryodhanaḥ duḥśāsanam abravīt

11. When those armies were diligently prepared and properly arrayed, O great king, Duryodhana then spoke to Duḥśāsana.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies, in the divisions

• यत्तेषु (yatteṣu) - in the prepared, in the diligently arranged (armies)

• व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - in the arrayed, in the marshaled (armies)

• च (ca) - and, also

• विधानतः (vidhānataḥ) - according to rule, properly, systematically

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - to Duḥśāsana

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - in those

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies, in the divisions

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, division, host

यत्तेषु (yatteṣu) - in the prepared, in the diligently arranged (armies)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, arranged, diligent, restrained

Past Passive Participle

From root `yat` (to strive, be diligent).

Root: yat (class 1)

व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - in the arrayed, in the marshaled (armies)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arrayed, marshaled, arranged in battle order

Past Passive Participle

From root `ūh` (to arrange) with prefixes `vi` and `ud`.

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: ūh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विधानतः (vidhānataḥ) - according to rule, properly, systematically

(indeclinable)

From `vidhāna` (rule, arrangement) with the suffix `tas`.

Note: Qualifies the actions of `yatteṣu` and `vyūḍheṣu`.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, literally 'hard to fight')

Compound of `dur` (bad, hard) and `yodhana` (fighter).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• yodhana – fighting, a fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Verbal Noun
  From root `yudh` (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `abravīt`.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Karmadhāraya compound of `mahat` (great) and `rājan` (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to the listener (e.g., Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - to Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name, literally 'hard to rule/govern')

Compound of `dus` (bad, hard) and `śāsana` (ruling, command).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• śāsana – ruling, governing, command, instruction
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal Noun
  From root `śās` (to rule, to instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence or commencement.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect, 3rd person singular. `a-` is the augment.

Root: brū (class 2)