महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-16, verse-15

अब्रवीच्च विशुद्धात्मा नाहं हन्यां शिखण्डिनम् ।
श्रूयते स्त्री ह्यसौ पूर्वं तस्माद्वर्ज्यो रणे मम ॥१५॥

15. abravīcca viśuddhātmā nāhaṁ hanyāṁ śikhaṇḍinam ,
śrūyate strī hyasau pūrvaṁ tasmādvarjyo raṇe mama.

15. abravīt ca viśuddhātmā na aham hanyām śikhaṇḍinam
śrūyate strī hi asau pūrvam tasmāt varjyaḥ raṇe mama

15. ca viśuddhātmā abravīt aham śikhaṇḍinam na hanyām hi
asau pūrvam strī śrūyate tasmāt raṇe mama varjyaḥ

15. And Bhīṣma, the pure-souled one, declared, 'I will not kill Śikhaṇḍin. It is said that he was formerly a woman; therefore, he is to be avoided by me in combat.'

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• च (ca) - and, also

• विशुद्धात्मा (viśuddhātmā) - Bhīṣma, the character speaking (the pure-souled one, whose (ātman) is pure)

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - I

• हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would kill, I should kill

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard, it is said

• स्त्री (strī) - woman, female

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• असौ (asau) - he, that one

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• वर्ज्यः (varjyaḥ) - to be avoided, to be shunned, prohibited

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• मम (mama) - by me, my

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Root 'brū' (class 2) in the imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विशुद्धात्मा (viśuddhātmā) - Bhīṣma, the character speaking (the pure-souled one, whose (ātman) is pure)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśuddhātman

viśuddhātman - pure-souled, whose self (ātman) is purified

Bahuvrihi compound: 'viśuddha' (pure, purified) + 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (viśuddha+ātman)

• viśuddha – pure, purified, clean
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śudh' (to purify) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śudh (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would kill, I should kill

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of han

Optative Active

Root 'han' (class 2) in the optative mood, 1st person singular, active voice.

Root: han (class 2)

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (a character in the Mahābhārata, originally female)

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard, it is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

Present Passive

Root 'śru' (class 5) in the present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

स्त्री (strī) - woman, female

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female, wife

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

असौ (asau) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of 'pūrva'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

वर्ज्यः (varjyaḥ) - to be avoided, to be shunned, prohibited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varjya

varjya - to be avoided, to be excluded, fit to be shunned

Gerundive

Gerundive (future passive participle) derived from the root 'vṛj' (to avoid, to shun).

Root: vṛj (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

मम (mama) - by me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Here functioning as agent with the gerundive 'varjyaḥ'.