महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-16, verse-31

महेन्द्रकेतवः शुभ्रा महेन्द्रसदनेष्विव ।
संनद्धास्तेषु ते वीरा ददृशुर्युद्धकाङ्क्षिणः ॥३१॥

31. mahendraketavaḥ śubhrā mahendrasadaneṣviva ,
saṁnaddhāsteṣu te vīrā dadṛśuryuddhakāṅkṣiṇaḥ.

31. mahendraketavaḥ śubhrāḥ mahendrasadaneṣu iva
sannaddhāḥ teṣu te vīrāḥ dadṛśuḥ yuddhakāṅkṣiṇaḥ

31. śubhrāḥ mahendraketavaḥ mahendrasadaneṣu iva
teṣu sannaddhāḥ yuddhakāṅkṣiṇaḥ te vīrāḥ dadṛśuḥ

31. These bright banners resembled those of the great Indra in his celestial abodes. Among them (the banners), those warriors, eager for battle and fully equipped, were seen.

Words meanings summery:

• महेन्द्रकेतवः (mahendraketavaḥ) - Indra's banners, great Indra's standards

• शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) - bright, pure, white

• महेन्द्रसदनेषु (mahendrasadaneṣu) - in the celestial realms of Indra (in Indra's dwellings/abodes)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• सन्नद्धाः (sannaddhāḥ) - arrayed, equipped, ready for battle

• तेषु (teṣu) - among those banners mentioned previously (in them, among them)

• ते (te) - those

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they were visible, they stood prominently (they saw, they appeared, they showed themselves)

• युद्धकाङ्क्षिणः (yuddhakāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring battle, eager for war

Words meanings and morphology

महेन्द्रकेतवः (mahendraketavaḥ) - Indra's banners, great Indra's standards

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahendraketu

mahendraketu - banner of Mahendra (Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahendra+ketu)

• mahendra – great Indra, king of gods
  proper noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag, sign
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to dhvajāḥ (flags)

शुभ्राः (śubhrāḥ) - bright, pure, white

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śubhra

śubhra - bright, radiant, white, pure

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mahendraketavaḥ and implicitly dhvajāḥ

महेन्द्रसदनेषु (mahendrasadaneṣu) - in the celestial realms of Indra (in Indra's dwellings/abodes)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of mahendrasadana

mahendrasadana - dwelling of Mahendra (Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahendra+sadana)

• mahendra – great Indra, king of gods
  proper noun (masculine)
• sadana – dwelling, abode, seat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sad (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

सन्नद्धाः (sannaddhāḥ) - arrayed, equipped, ready for battle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sannaddha

sannaddha - prepared, equipped, arrayed, armed

Past Passive Participle

From sam-nah (to tie on, equip)

Prefix: sam

Root: nah (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vīrāḥ

तेषु (teṣu) - among those banners mentioned previously (in them, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the banners (dhvajāḥ)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to vīrāḥ

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Subject of dadṛśuḥ

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they were visible, they stood prominently (they saw, they appeared, they showed themselves)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active

Root dṛś (class 1), perfect 3rd plural active.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Interpreted as 'were seen' for natural English flow in a descriptive context.

युद्धकाङ्क्षिणः (yuddhakāṅkṣiṇaḥ) - desiring battle, eager for war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuddhakāṅkṣin

yuddhakāṅkṣin - desiring battle, eager for war

From yuddha (battle) + kāṅkṣin (desiring, from root kāṅkṣ to desire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+kāṅkṣin)

• yuddha – battle, war, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root kāṅkṣ with -in suffix
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vīrāḥ