महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-16, verse-43

जृम्भमाणं महासिंहं दृष्ट्वा क्षुद्रमृगा यथा ।
धृष्टद्युम्नमुखाः सर्वे समुद्विविजिरे मुहुः ॥४३॥

43. jṛmbhamāṇaṁ mahāsiṁhaṁ dṛṣṭvā kṣudramṛgā yathā ,
dhṛṣṭadyumnamukhāḥ sarve samudvivijire muhuḥ.

43. jṛmbhamāṇam mahāsiṃham dṛṣṭvā kṣudramṛgāḥ yathā
dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhāḥ sarve samudvivijire muhuḥ

43. yathā kṣudramṛgāḥ jṛmbhamāṇam mahāsiṃham dṛṣṭvā,
tathā sarve dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhāḥ muhuḥ samudvivijire

43. Just as small deer (kṣudramṛga) tremble upon seeing a great lion (mahāsiṃha) roaring, so too all those led by Dhrishtadyumna were greatly terrified again and again.

43. כמו חיות קטנות הרואות אריה גדול פותח את לועו, כך נבהלו שוב ושוב כל אלה שדְהְרְשְׁטַדְיוּמְנַה בראשם.

Words meanings summery:

• जृम्भमाणम् (jṛmbhamāṇam) - roaring (like a lion) (yawning, roaring, expanding)

• महासिंहम् (mahāsiṁham) - a great lion

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• क्षुद्रमृगाः (kṣudramṛgāḥ) - small deer, small animals

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• धृष्टद्युम्न-मुखाः (dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhāḥ) - Refers to the Pandava warriors, with Dhrishtadyumna as their leader. (headed by Dhrishtadyumna)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• समुद्विविजिरे (samudvivijire) - they greatly trembled, they were terrified

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, constantly, again and again

Words meanings and morphology

जृम्भमाणम् (jṛmbhamāṇam) - roaring (like a lion) (yawning, roaring, expanding)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jṛmbhamāṇa

jṛmbhamāṇa - yawning, stretching, opening wide, roaring

Present Participle (Atmanepada)

From root jṛmbh (to yawn, stretch, roar) + śānac suffix.

Root: jṛmbh (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally.

महासिंहम् (mahāsiṁham) - a great lion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsiṃha

mahāsiṁha - great lion

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+siṃha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From root mah (to be great).
  Root: mah
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hiṃs

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś + ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

क्षुद्रमृगाः (kṣudramṛgāḥ) - small deer, small animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣudramṛga

kṣudramṛga - small animal, deer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṣudra+mṛga)

• kṣudra – small, minute, insignificant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: kṣud
• mṛga – animal, deer, beast
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj

Note: Subject of the implied verb in the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the comparison.

धृष्टद्युम्न-मुखाः (dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukhāḥ) - Refers to the Pandava warriors, with Dhrishtadyumna as their leader. (headed by Dhrishtadyumna)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukha

dhṛṣṭadyumna-mukha - having Dhrishtadyumna as their face/head

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭadyumna+mukha)

• dhṛṣṭadyumna – Dhrishtadyumna (name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, front, chief, leader
  noun (neuter)
  Root: muk

Note: Modifies sarve.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Subject, referring to the Pandava forces.

समुद्विविजिरे (samudvivijire) - they greatly trembled, they were terrified

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of sam-ud-vij

perfect

Root vij (to tremble) with upasargas sam- (together, completely) and ud- (up, out). Reduplication for perfect tense.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the latter part of the sentence.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly, constantly, again and again

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies samudvivijire.

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