महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-16, verse-41

हेमतालध्वजं भीष्मं राजते स्यन्दने स्थितम् ।
श्वेताभ्र इव तीक्ष्णांशुं ददृशुः कुरुपाण्डवाः ॥४१॥

41. hematāladhvajaṁ bhīṣmaṁ rājate syandane sthitam ,
śvetābhra iva tīkṣṇāṁśuṁ dadṛśuḥ kurupāṇḍavāḥ.

41. hema-tāla-dhvajam bhīṣmam rājate syandane sthitam
śvetābhra iva tīkṣṇāṃśum dadṛśuḥ kuru-pāṇḍavāḥ

41. kuru-pāṇḍavāḥ syandane sthitam hema-tāla-dhvajam
bhīṣmam śvetābhra iva tīkṣṇāṃśum rājate dadṛśuḥ

41. The Kurus and Pandavas saw Bhishma, who, standing in his chariot adorned with a golden palm tree (hema-tāla) banner, shone brilliantly like a white cloud (śvetābhrā) and like the sharp-rayed sun (tīkṣṇāṃśu).

Words meanings summery:

• हेम-ताल-ध्वजम् (hema-tāla-dhvajam) - with a golden palm-tree banner

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Grandfather Bhishma, the commander of the Kaurava army. (Bhishma)

• राजते (rājate) - shines, appears splendid, is resplendent

• स्यन्दने (syandane) - in the chariot

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, standing, being

• श्वेताभ्रा (śvetābhrā) - white cloud

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• तीक्ष्णांशुम् (tīkṣṇāṁśum) - sharp-rayed one, sun

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• कुरु-पाण्डवाः (kuru-pāṇḍavāḥ) - The warriors of the Kuru and Pandava factions. (Kurus and Pandavas)

Words meanings and morphology

हेम-ताल-ध्वजम् (hema-tāla-dhvajam) - with a golden palm-tree banner

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hema-tāla-dhvaja

hema-tāla-dhvaja - one whose banner bears a golden palm tree

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hema+tāla+dhvaja)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• tāla – palm tree
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj

Note: Modifies Bhishma.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Grandfather Bhishma, the commander of the Kaurava army. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a name); terrible, formidable

From root bhī (to fear) + sma

Note: Object of dadṛśuḥ.

राजते (rājate) - shines, appears splendid, is resplendent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of rāj

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Describes Bhishma's state.

स्यन्दने (syandane) - in the chariot

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, flowing

From root syand (to flow, move quickly)

Root: syand (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, standing, being

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, stable

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) + kta suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies Bhishma (accusative singular masculine).

श्वेताभ्रा (śvetābhrā) - white cloud

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śvetābhrā

śvetābhrā - white cloud (feminine)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śveta+abhra)

• śveta – white
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śvit
• abhra – cloud, sky
  noun (neuter)
  Root: abh

Note: Used in comparison with iva.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

तीक्ष्णांशुम् (tīkṣṇāṁśum) - sharp-rayed one, sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇāṃśu

tīkṣṇāṁśu - sharp-rayed, the sun

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tīkṣṇa+aṃśu)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, hot
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: tij
• aṃśu – ray, beam, thread
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aṃś

Note: Object of comparison, implied object of rājate.

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of dṛś

perfect

intensive reduplication

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

कुरु-पाण्डवाः (kuru-pāṇḍavāḥ) - The warriors of the Kuru and Pandava factions. (Kurus and Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru-pāṇḍava

kuru-pāṇḍava - Kurus and Pandavas (dual/plural)

Compound type : dvandva (kuru+pāṇḍava)

• kuru – a descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – a descendant of Pandu, the Pandavas
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of dadṛśuḥ.