महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-94, verse-6

स स्म नित्यं निशापाये प्रातरुत्थाय वीर्यवान् ।
ब्राह्मणान्क्षत्रियांश्चैव पृच्छन्नास्ते महारथः ॥६॥

6. sa sma nityaṁ niśāpāye prātarutthāya vīryavān ,
brāhmaṇānkṣatriyāṁścaiva pṛcchannāste mahārathaḥ.

6. saḥ sma nityam niśāpāye prātaḥ utthāya vīryavān
brāhmaṇān kṣatriyān ca eva pṛcchan āste mahārathaḥ

6. That valiant, great warrior (mahārathaḥ) would always rise at the end of the night, in the morning, and sit there, questioning both Brahmins and Kshatriyas.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• स्म (sma) - particle used to express past habitual action

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• निशापाये (niśāpāye) - at the end of night, at dawn

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having arisen, having stood up

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant, powerful, energetic

• ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins

• क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - Kshatriyas, warriors

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - both (emphasizing the 'and') (indeed, only, just, certainly)

• पृच्छन् (pṛcchan) - asking, questioning

• आस्ते (āste) - he sits, he remains

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, mighty charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to king Dambhodbhava

स्म (sma) - particle used to express past habitual action

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative

निशापाये (niśāpāye) - at the end of night, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśāpāya

niśāpāya - end of night, dawn

Compound of niśā (night) and apāya (end/departure)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+apāya)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• apāya – end, departure, removal
  noun (masculine)
  From apa- + √i (to go)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Locative of time

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early

(indeclinable)

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having arisen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From ud- + √sthā + lyap suffix

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valiant, powerful, energetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - valiant, powerful, energetic, full of strength

From vīrya (valor) + matup suffix

Note: Qualifies 'he' (saḥ)

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - Brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Derived from brahman (Vedic scripture/ultimate reality)

Note: Object of pṛcchan

क्षत्रियान् (kṣatriyān) - Kshatriyas, warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kshatriya, member of the warrior class

Derived from kṣatra (rule/dominion)

Note: Object of pṛcchan

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - both (emphasizing the 'and') (indeed, only, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

पृच्छन् (pṛcchan) - asking, questioning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking, questioning

Present Active Participle

From root √prach (to ask) + śatṛ suffix

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'he'

आस्ते (āste) - he sits, he remains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, mighty charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, mighty charioteer, a hero who can fight alone against many

Compound of mahā (great) and ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : karma_dharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  From √ram (to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Epithet for the king Dambhodbhava