महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-94, verse-31

तमब्रवीन्नरो राजञ्शरण्यः शरणैषिणाम् ।
ब्रह्मण्यो भव धर्मात्मा मा च स्मैवं पुनः कृथाः ॥३१॥

31. tamabravīnnaro rājañśaraṇyaḥ śaraṇaiṣiṇām ,
brahmaṇyo bhava dharmātmā mā ca smaivaṁ punaḥ kṛthāḥ.

31. tam abravīt naraḥ rājan śaraṇyaḥ śaraṇaiṣiṇām
brahmaṇyaḥ bhava dharmātmā mā ca sma evam punaḥ kṛthāḥ

31. The man (Viśvāmitra), the protector of those seeking refuge, spoke to him: "O King, be devoted to Brahmins and possess a righteous intrinsic nature (dharma). Moreover, do not act in this manner again."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to King Triśaṅku (to him, that)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• नरः (naraḥ) - Viśvāmitra, referring to himself as a man, acknowledging his human form or position (man, person)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing King Triśaṅku (O King)

• शरण्यः (śaraṇyaḥ) - worthy of refuge, protector, asylum

• शरणैषिणाम् (śaraṇaiṣiṇām) - of those seeking refuge

• ब्रह्मण्यः (brahmaṇyaḥ) - devoted to Brahmins, pious, sacred

• भव (bhava) - be, become

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose nature (dharma) is goodness

• मा (mā) - prohibitive particle (do not)

• च (ca) - and, moreover

• स्म (sma) - here used to emphasize the prohibition, or, if read with kṛthāḥ, marks past action in a general sense, meaning "never again" (particle used for emphasis or to express past action with present tense verb)

• एवम् (evam) - referring to the king's previous actions that provoked Viśvāmitra (thus, in this manner)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - negative command, "do not do" (you do, you make)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to King Triśaṅku (to him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root brū (class 2)

Root: brū (class 2)

नरः (naraḥ) - Viśvāmitra, referring to himself as a man, acknowledging his human form or position (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, hero

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

राजन् (rājan) - addressing King Triśaṅku (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

शरण्यः (śaraṇyaḥ) - worthy of refuge, protector, asylum

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaraṇya

śaraṇya - worthy of refuge, protectable, protector

Gerundive

From √śṛ (class 1) with suffix -ṇya

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'naraḥ'.

शरणैषिणाम् (śaraṇaiṣiṇām) - of those seeking refuge

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śaraṇaiṣin

śaraṇaiṣin - one seeking refuge, supplicant

Compound of śaraṇa and eṣin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+eṣin)

• śaraṇa – refuge, protection, shelter
  noun (neuter)
• eṣin – seeking, desiring, going
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √iṣ (class 4)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Connects with 'śaraṇyaḥ'.

ब्रह्मण्यः (brahmaṇyaḥ) - devoted to Brahmins, pious, sacred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmaṇya

brahmaṇya - devoted to Brahmins, pious, sacred, relating to Brahman

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject "you".

भव (bhava) - be, become

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Root bhū (class 1)

Root: bhū (class 1)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled, whose nature (dharma) is goodness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, virtuous, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is moral

Compound of dharma and ātman

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject "you".

मा (mā) - prohibitive particle (do not)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with injunctive.

च (ca) - and, moreover

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - here used to emphasize the prohibition, or, if read with kṛthāḥ, marks past action in a general sense, meaning "never again" (particle used for emphasis or to express past action with present tense verb)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - referring to the king's previous actions that provoked Viśvāmitra (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - negative command, "do not do" (you do, you make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, injunctive (luṅ) of kṛ

Root kṛ (class 8)

Root: kṛ (class 8)