महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-94, verse-9

तं स्म वैद्या अकृपणा ब्राह्मणाः सर्वतोऽभयाः ।
प्रत्यषेधन्त राजानं श्लाघमानं पुनः पुनः ॥९॥

9. taṁ sma vaidyā akṛpaṇā brāhmaṇāḥ sarvato'bhayāḥ ,
pratyaṣedhanta rājānaṁ ślāghamānaṁ punaḥ punaḥ.

9. tam sma vaidhyāḥ akṛpaṇāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ sarvataḥ abhayāḥ
prati aṣedhanta rājānam ślāghamānam punaḥ punaḥ

9. Those learned scholars (vaidhyāḥ), generous and fearless in every respect, repeatedly obstructed the king who was boasting.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that one

• स्म (sma) - indeed, truly, (particle indicating past tense)

• वैध्याः (vaidhyāḥ) - learned scholars, wise men

• अकृपणाः (akṛpaṇāḥ) - not miserly, generous, liberal

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brahmins

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, in every respect, completely

• अभयाः (abhayāḥ) - fearless

• प्रति (prati) - against, towards

• अषेधन्त (aṣedhanta) - they obstructed, they warded off

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• श्लाघमानम् (ślāghamānam) - boasting, praising oneself

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्म (sma) - indeed, truly, (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

वैध्याः (vaidhyāḥ) - learned scholars, wise men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaidhya

vaidhya - learned, skilled, wise, (also a physician or doctor)

Derived from 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid

अकृपणाः (akṛpaṇāḥ) - not miserly, generous, liberal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akṛpaṇa

akṛpaṇa - not miserly, generous, liberal, not distressed

Negative compound of 'kṛpaṇa' (miserly)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṛpaṇa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kṛpaṇa – miserly, wretched, poor, distressed
  adjective
  Root: kḷp

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class, related to brahman (brahman)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, in every respect, completely

(indeclinable)

From 'sarva' (all) + suffix 'tas'

अभयाः (abhayāḥ) - fearless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhaya

abhaya - fearless, safety, freedom from fear

Negative compound of 'bhaya' (fear)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī

प्रति (prati) - against, towards

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a prefix for the following verb.

अषेधन्त (aṣedhanta) - they obstructed, they warded off

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sidh

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: The 'a' is an augment for the imperfect tense. The retroflex 'ṣ' is due to sandhi with the prefix 'prati'.

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

श्लाघमानम् (ślāghamānam) - boasting, praising oneself

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ślāghamāna

ślāghamāna - boasting, praising oneself, extolling oneself

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root ślāgh (to praise, to boast)

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition emphasizes 'repeatedly'.