महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-94, verse-38

काकुदीकं शुकं नाकमक्षिसंतर्जनं तथा ।
संतानं नर्तनं घोरमास्यमोदकमष्टमम् ॥३८॥

38. kākudīkaṁ śukaṁ nākamakṣisaṁtarjanaṁ tathā ,
saṁtānaṁ nartanaṁ ghoramāsyamodakamaṣṭamam.

38. kākudīkam śukam nākam akṣisantarjanam tathā
santānam nartanam ghoram āsyāmodakam aṣṭamam

38. The cuckoo-like wail, the parrot-like mockery, the foul smell, the eye-threatening torment, and lamentation, terrible forced dancing, and the eighth is mouth-delight (a cruel form of torment).

Words meanings summery:

• काकुदीकम् (kākudīkam) - a distressful wailing sound (as a form of torture) (cuckoo-like wail, distressful sound)

• शुकम् (śukam) - parrot-like mockery (as a form of torture) (parrot; mocking speech)

• नाकम् (nākam) - foul smell or specific nasal torment (as a form of torture) (heaven, sky; foul smell, pain in nose/face)

• अक्षिसन्तर्जनम् (akṣisantarjanam) - torment threatening the eyes (as a form of torture) (eye-threatening, frightening to the eyes)

• तथा (tathā) - and, thus, in that manner

• सन्तानम् (santānam) - lamentation (as a form of torture) (lamentation, crying, anguish, offspring)

• नर्तनम् (nartanam) - forced dancing (as a form of torture) (dancing)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (describing the dancing, or generally awful) (terrible, dreadful, fearful)

• आस्यामोदकम् (āsyāmodakam) - a cruel mouth-delight (e.g., forced consumption of something unpleasant, gagging, or forced laughter/speech as torture) (mouth-delighting, mouth-fragrant, a sweetmeat)

• अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - the eighth

Words meanings and morphology

काकुदीकम् (kākudīkam) - a distressful wailing sound (as a form of torture) (cuckoo-like wail, distressful sound)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kākudīka

kākudīka - relating to kāku (a change of voice, distress), cuckoo-like sound

From kāku (distress, change of voice)

Note: This is often listed as one of the 'eight tortures'.

शुकम् (śukam) - parrot-like mockery (as a form of torture) (parrot; mocking speech)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śuka

śuka - parrot

Note: Refers to a specific torment, possibly forced repetition or mocking.

नाकम् (nākam) - foul smell or specific nasal torment (as a form of torture) (heaven, sky; foul smell, pain in nose/face)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāka

nāka - heaven, sky; (less commonly) foul smell, pain in nose/face

अक्षिसन्तर्जनम् (akṣisantarjanam) - torment threatening the eyes (as a form of torture) (eye-threatening, frightening to the eyes)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣisantarjana

akṣisantarjana - eye-threatening, terrifying to the eyes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣi+santarjana)

• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)
• santarjana – threatening, frightening
  noun (neuter)
  From root tṛj (to abandon/threaten) with sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tṛj (class 6)

तथा (tathā) - and, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

सन्तानम् (santānam) - lamentation (as a form of torture) (lamentation, crying, anguish, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of santāna

santāna - lamentation, anguish, progeny, continuity

From root tan (to stretch) with sam

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

नर्तनम् (nartanam) - forced dancing (as a form of torture) (dancing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nartana

nartana - dancing, acting

Agent noun / action noun

From root nṛt (to dance)

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Often interpreted as 'forced dancing' in lists of tortures.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (describing the dancing, or generally awful) (terrible, dreadful, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, intense

Note: Qualifies nartanam or generally the nature of these tortures.

आस्यामोदकम् (āsyāmodakam) - a cruel mouth-delight (e.g., forced consumption of something unpleasant, gagging, or forced laughter/speech as torture) (mouth-delighting, mouth-fragrant, a sweetmeat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āsyāmodaka

āsyāmodaka - mouth-delighting, mouth-fragrant, sweetmeat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āsya+āmodaka)

• āsya – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)
• āmodaka – delighting, sweetmeat, fragrance
  noun (masculine)
  From root mud (to rejoice) with ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: mud (class 1)

अष्टमम् (aṣṭamam) - the eighth

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aṣṭama

aṣṭama - the eighth

Ordinal numeral from aṣṭan (eight)