महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-49, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
किमसौ पाण्डवो राजा धर्मपुत्रोऽभ्यभाषत ।
श्रुत्वेमा बहुलाः सेनाः प्रत्यर्थेन समागताः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kimasau pāṇḍavo rājā dharmaputro'bhyabhāṣata ,
śrutvemā bahulāḥ senāḥ pratyarthena samāgatāḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca kim asau pāṇḍavaḥ rājā dharmaputraḥ
abhyabhāṣata śrutvā imāḥ bahulāḥ senāḥ pratyarthena samāgatāḥ

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra spoke: "What did that Pāṇḍava king, Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-putra), say after hearing about these numerous armies assembled by the adversary?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, whether

• असौ (asau) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (that one, he)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Specifically Yudhiṣṭhira due to dharmaputraḥ. (son of Pāṇḍu, Yudhiṣṭhira)

• राजा (rājā) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

• धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Specifically Yudhiṣṭhira. (son of Dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, addressed

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - numerous, many, abundant

• सेनाः (senāḥ) - armies, forces

• प्रत्यर्थेन (pratyarthena) - by the opponent, by the adversary, by the enemy

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - assembled, gathered, arrived

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king of the Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense form (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, whether

(interrogative pronoun)

असौ (asau) - referring to Yudhiṣṭhira (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Specifically Yudhiṣṭhira due to dharmaputraḥ. (son of Pāṇḍu, Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Yudhiṣṭhira

राजा (rājā) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rājan

Note: Appositive to pāṇḍavaḥ and dharmaputraḥ.

धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Specifically Yudhiṣṭhira. (son of Dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of Dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+putra)

• dharma – righteous conduct, natural law, constitution, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to pāṇḍavaḥ.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhibhāṣ

compound verb formed with prefix abhi- and root bhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

बहुलाः (bahulāḥ) - numerous, many, abundant

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahula

bahula - numerous, many, abundant

सेनाः (senāḥ) - armies, forces

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of senā

senā - army, host, force

Note: Object of śrutvā.

प्रत्यर्थेन (pratyarthena) - by the opponent, by the adversary, by the enemy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratyarthin

pratyarthin - opponent, adversary, enemy

Note: Agent of samāgatāḥ.

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - assembled, gathered, arrived

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - assembled, gathered, arrived

Past Passive Participle

derived from root gam with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies senāḥ.