महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-49, verse-10

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
गावल्गणिस्तु तत्पृष्टः सभायां कुरुसंसदि ।
निःश्वस्य सुभृशं दीर्घं मुहुः संचिन्तयन्निव ।
तत्रानिमित्ततो दैवात्सूतं कश्मलमाविशत् ॥१०॥

10. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
gāvalgaṇistu tatpṛṣṭaḥ sabhāyāṁ kurusaṁsadi ,
niḥśvasya subhṛśaṁ dīrghaṁ muhuḥ saṁcintayanniva ,
tatrānimittato daivātsūtaṁ kaśmalamāviśat.

10. vaiśampāyana uvāca | gāvalgaṇiḥ tu tat
pṛṣṭaḥ sabhāyām kurusaṃsadi | niḥśvasya
subhṛśam dīrgham muhuḥ saṃcintayan iva | tatra
animittataḥ daivāt sūtam kaśmalam āviśat

10. Vaiśampāyana said: Gāvālgaṇi (Saṃjaya), having been questioned thus in the assembly of the Kurus, sighed very deeply repeatedly, as if lost in thought. Then, unexpectedly and by divine will (daiva), a great distress (kaśmala) overcame the charioteer (Saṃjaya).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of this epic (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• गावल्गणिः (gāvalgaṇiḥ) - Gāvālgaṇi, referring to Saṃjaya (Gāvālgaṇi (another name for Saṃjaya))

• तु (tu) - indeed (often used for emphasis or continuation) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• तत् (tat) - thus (that, thus)

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - having been questioned (questioned, asked)

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (in the assembly, in the gathering)

• कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - in the assembly of the Kuru dynasty (in the assembly of the Kurus)

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed deeply)

• सुभृशम् (subhṛśam) - very much (very much, exceedingly)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply (modifying 'sighed') (long, deeply)

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

• संचिन्तयन् (saṁcintayan) - contemplating, lost in thought (contemplating, thinking deeply)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as if)

• तत्र (tatra) - then (there, then)

• अनिमित्ततः (animittataḥ) - unexpectedly, without apparent cause (without cause, accidentally, by chance)

• दैवात् (daivāt) - by divine will, by fate (by fate, by divine will, by chance)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - the charioteer (Saṃjaya) (charioteer (Sūta, Saṃjaya))

• कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - a great distress or bewilderment (kaśmala) (distress, bewilderment, faintness (kaśmala))

• आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame (entered, came into)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of this epic (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root √vac (2nd class, u form for some tenses)

Root: vac (class 2)

गावल्गणिः (gāvalgaṇiḥ) - Gāvālgaṇi, referring to Saṃjaya (Gāvālgaṇi (another name for Saṃjaya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāvalgaṇi

gāvalgaṇi - A patronymic of Saṃjaya

तु (tu) - indeed (often used for emphasis or continuation) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - thus (that, thus)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Here used adverbially.

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - having been questioned (questioned, asked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - questioned, asked

Past Passive Participle

From root √prach (प्रछ्)

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with Gāvālgaṇi.

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly (in the assembly, in the gathering)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court

कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - in the assembly of the Kuru dynasty (in the assembly of the Kurus)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kurusaṃsad

kurusaṁsad - assembly of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+saṃsad)

• kuru – Name of an ancient king, progenitor of a dynasty; members of that dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• saṃsad – assembly, gathering, council
  noun (feminine)
  From √sad with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sad (class 1)

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed deeply)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √śvas with prefix nis, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

सुभृशम् (subhṛśam) - very much (very much, exceedingly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of subhṛśa (very intense).

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying 'dīrgham' and 'saṃcintayan'.

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - deeply (modifying 'sighed') (long, deeply)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, protracted, deep

Note: Used adverbially.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

(indeclinable)

संचिन्तयन् (saṁcintayan) - contemplating, lost in thought (contemplating, thinking deeply)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃcintayat

saṁcintayat - contemplating, thinking deeply, reflecting

Present Active Participle

From root √cit with prefix sam, 10th class, causal form cintayati, then present participle.

Prefix: sam

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Agrees with Gāvālgaṇi.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as if)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - then (there, then)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' + suffix 'tral'.

Note: Functions as a temporal adverb here.

अनिमित्ततः (animittataḥ) - unexpectedly, without apparent cause (without cause, accidentally, by chance)

(indeclinable)

From 'animitta' (without cause) + suffix 'tas'.

दैवात् (daivāt) - by divine will, by fate (by fate, by divine will, by chance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - relating to gods, divine, fate, destiny

Note: Denotes cause or source.

सूतम् (sūtam) - the charioteer (Saṃjaya) (charioteer (Sūta, Saṃjaya))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, son (of a kṣatriya by a brāhmaṇī)

Note: Object of 'āviśat'.

कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - a great distress or bewilderment (kaśmala) (distress, bewilderment, faintness (kaśmala))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaśmala

kaśmala - faintness, bewilderment, distress, impurity

Note: Object of 'āviśat'.

आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame (entered, came into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of viś

Imperfect Active

From root √viś with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)