महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-7

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
यावेतौ पृथिवीं द्यां च भासयन्तौ तपस्विनौ ।
ज्वलन्तौ रोचमानौ च व्याप्यातीतौ महाबलौ ॥७॥

7. brahmovāca ,
yāvetau pṛthivīṁ dyāṁ ca bhāsayantau tapasvinau ,
jvalantau rocamānau ca vyāpyātītau mahābalau.

7. brahmā uvāca yau etau pṛthivīm dyām ca bhāsayantau
tapasvinau jvalantau rocamānau ca vyāpya atītau mahābalau

7. Brahma said: 'These two, who illuminate both the earth and the sky, are ascetics (tapasvin). Blazing and radiant, they pervade all and have transcended everything, possessing immense power.'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator god)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यौ (yau) - those two who

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

• द्याम् (dyām) - the sky, heaven

• च (ca) - and, also

• भासयन्तौ (bhāsayantau) - illuminating, causing to shine

• तपस्विनौ (tapasvinau) - two ascetics, two renunciants, two performers of penance

• ज्वलन्तौ (jvalantau) - blazing, glowing

• रोचमानौ (rocamānau) - shining, radiant, splendid

• च (ca) - and, also

• व्याप्य (vyāpya) - having pervaded, pervading

• अतीतौ (atītau) - transcended, gone beyond

• महाबलौ (mahābalau) - two very powerful ones, two of great strength

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (the creator god)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator god), universal spirit, sacred knowledge

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

derived from the root √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यौ (yau) - those two who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

द्याम् (dyām) - the sky, heaven

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भासयन्तौ (bhāsayantau) - illuminating, causing to shine

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhāsayant

bhāsayant - illuminating, making shine

Present Active Participle (Causative)

derived from the causative stem of √bhā

Root: bhā (class 2)

तपस्विनौ (tapasvinau) - two ascetics, two renunciants, two performers of penance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, renunciant, performer of penance (tapas)

possessive suffix -vin

ज्वलन्तौ (jvalantau) - blazing, glowing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jvalant

jvalant - blazing, glowing, burning

Present Active Participle

derived from the root √jval

Root: jval (class 1)

रोचमानौ (rocamānau) - shining, radiant, splendid

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rocamāna

rocamāna - shining, radiant, splendid

Present Middle Participle

derived from the root √ruc

Root: ruc (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

व्याप्य (vyāpya) - having pervaded, pervading

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from the root √āp with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: āp (class 5)

अतीतौ (atītau) - transcended, gone beyond

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of atīta

atīta - passed, gone by, transcended

Past Passive Participle

derived from the root √i with upasarga ati

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

महाबलौ (mahābalau) - two very powerful ones, two of great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahābala

mahābala - very powerful, of great strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)