महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
समवेतेषु सर्वेषु तेषु राजसु भारत ।
दुर्योधनमिदं वाक्यं भीष्मः शांतनवोऽब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
samaveteṣu sarveṣu teṣu rājasu bhārata ,
duryodhanamidaṁ vākyaṁ bhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavo'bravīt.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca samaveteṣu sarveṣu teṣu rājasu bhārata
duryodhanam idam vākyam bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavaḥ abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "O descendant of Bharata, when all those kings were assembled, Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu, spoke these words to Duryodhana."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, who is narrating the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Vaiśampāyana) said (said, spoke)

• समवेतेषु (samaveteṣu) - When all the kings were assembled (assembled, gathered)

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - All (the kings) (all, whole, every)

• तेषु (teṣu) - Among those (kings) (to those, among those, in those)

• राजसु (rājasu) - Among the kings (among kings, in kings)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (a vocative addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra, to whom Vaiśampāyana is narrating) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - (Spoke) to Duryodhana (to Duryodhana)

• इदम् (idam) - This (speech/word) (this, these)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - (This) speech (word, speech, sentence)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the grandfather of the Kuru princes (Bhīṣma)

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma, being the son of Śāntanu (son of Śāntanu)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Bhīṣma) spoke (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, who is narrating the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - name of a sage, student of Vyāsa

Note: Implied nominative singular, often used in narrative openings

उवाच (uvāca) - (Vaiśampāyana) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active, root vac (changed to uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

समवेतेषु (samaveteṣu) - When all the kings were assembled (assembled, gathered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of samaveta

samaveta - assembled, collected, gathered, united

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ava-i (to go together)

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: i (class 2)

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - All (the kings) (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with rājasu

तेषु (teṣu) - Among those (kings) (to those, among those, in those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with rājasu

राजसु (rājasu) - Among the kings (among kings, in kings)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (a vocative addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra, to whom Vaiśampāyana is narrating) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to India

Pāṇinian derivation as patronymic from Bharata

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - (Spoke) to Duryodhana (to Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - name of the eldest Kaurava prince

इदम् (idam) - This (speech/word) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with vākyam

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - (This) speech (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, declaration

Note: Object of abravīt

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the grandfather of the Kuru princes (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - name of a heroic character in the Mahābhārata, son of Śāntanu

Note: Subject of abravīt

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma, being the son of Śāntanu (son of Śāntanu)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu

Patronymic from Śāntanu

Note: Agrees with Bhīṣmaḥ

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - (Bhīṣma) spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect active, root brū

Root: brū (class 2)