महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-47

तदैव कुरवः सर्वे निराशा जीवितेऽभवन् ।
भीष्मद्रोणौ यदा राजा न सम्यगनुभाषते ॥४७॥

47. tadaiva kuravaḥ sarve nirāśā jīvite'bhavan ,
bhīṣmadroṇau yadā rājā na samyaganubhāṣate.

47. tadā eva kuravaḥ sarve nirāśāḥ jīvite abhavan
bhīṣmadroṇau yadā rājā na samyak anubhāṣate

47. At that very moment, all the Kurus became hopeless about their lives, when the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) did not properly consult or respond to Bhīṣma and Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एव (eva) - emphasizes 'then', meaning 'at that very moment' (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus, descendants of Kuru

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, without hope, despairing

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life, concerning life

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhīṣma and Droṇa (dual)

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• राजा (rājā) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

• न (na) - not, no

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely, fully

• अनुभाषते (anubhāṣate) - he speaks to, addresses, responds

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes 'then', meaning 'at that very moment' (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus, descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru, descendant of Kuru

Note: Subject of abhavan.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless, without hope, despairing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāśā

nirāśā - hopeless, without hope, despairing

जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life, concerning life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living

Past Passive Participle

derived from root jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Locative of reference or sphere of activity for nirāśāḥ.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhīṣma and Droṇa (dual)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhīṣmadroṇa

bhīṣmadroṇa - Bhīṣma and Droṇa

Compound type : dvandva (bhīṣma+droṇa)

• bhīṣma – Bhīṣma (a name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• droṇa – Droṇa (a name)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of anubhāṣate.

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

राजा (rājā) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rājan

Note: Subject of anubhāṣate.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb anubhāṣate.

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely, fully

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying anubhāṣate.

अनुभाषते (anubhāṣate) - he speaks to, addresses, responds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of anubhāṣ

compound verb formed with prefix anu- and root bhāṣ

Prefix: anu

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)