महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-29

कर्ण उवाच ।
नैवमायुष्मता वाच्यं यन्मामात्थ पितामह ।
क्षत्रधर्मे स्थितो ह्यस्मि स्वधर्मादनपेयिवान् ॥२९॥

29. karṇa uvāca ,
naivamāyuṣmatā vācyaṁ yanmāmāttha pitāmaha ,
kṣatradharme sthito hyasmi svadharmādanapeyivān.

29. karṇa uvāca na evam āyuṣmatā vācyam yat mām āttha pitāmaha
kṣatradharme sthitaḥ hi asmi svadharmāt anapeyivān

29. Karna said, "O Grandfather, you, who are long-lived, should not speak to me in that way. Indeed, I am steadfast in the duty (dharma) of a warrior, and I have not deviated from my own specific duty (svadharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• कर्ण (karṇa) - Karna (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• आयुष्मता (āyuṣmatā) - referring to Bhishma (by the long-lived one, O long-lived one)

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be spoken, should be said

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that

• माम् (mām) - me

• आत्थ (āttha) - you say, you speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - referring to Bhishma (O grandfather)

• क्षत्रधर्मे (kṣatradharme) - in the duty of a warrior, in the constitution/natural law of a warrior

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - steadfast, firm (standing, situated, established)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• स्वधर्मात् (svadharmāt) - from one's own duty, from one's intrinsic nature (svadharma)

• अनपेयिवान् (anapeyivān) - not deviated, not departed

Words meanings and morphology

कर्ण (karṇa) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a hero in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active (third person singular)

from root 'vac' (2nd class)

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

आयुष्मता (āyuṣmatā) - referring to Bhishma (by the long-lived one, O long-lived one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of āyuṣmat

āyuṣmat - long-lived, blessed with long life

possessive adjective from āyus (life) + matup suffix

Note: Used here as a form of address, functioning like a vocative.

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be spoken, should be said

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, what is to be said, mentionable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

from root vac with ṇyat suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, what, that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

आत्थ (āttha) - you say, you speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active (second person singular)

irregular perfect form of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - referring to Bhishma (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, paternal grandfather

क्षत्रधर्मे (kṣatradharme) - in the duty of a warrior, in the constitution/natural law of a warrior

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the duty (dharma) of a kṣatriya or warrior, the natural law for a warrior.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior, ruler, kṣatriya caste
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - steadfast, firm (standing, situated, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, placed, situated, firm, established

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active (first person singular)

from root as (2nd class)

Root: as (class 2)

स्वधर्मात् (svadharmāt) - from one's own duty, from one's intrinsic nature (svadharma)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own duty, particular duty, intrinsic nature, natural law of self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ

अनपेयिवान् (anapeyivān) - not deviated, not departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anapeyivas

anapeyivas - not departed, not swerved

Perfect Active Participle (masculine nominative singular)

from apa-i (to go away) with negative prefix an-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apeyivas)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• apeyivas – having departed, having swerved
  adjective (masculine)
  Perfect Active Participle
  from apa-i
  Prefix: apa
  Root: i (class 2)