महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-48, verse-39

गन्धर्वैर्घोषयात्रायां ह्रियते यत्सुतस्तव ।
क्व तदा सूतपुत्रोऽभूद्य इदानीं वृषायते ॥३९॥

39. gandharvairghoṣayātrāyāṁ hriyate yatsutastava ,
kva tadā sūtaputro'bhūdya idānīṁ vṛṣāyate.

39. gandharvaiḥ ghoṣayātrāyāṃ hriyate yat sutaḥ tava
kva tadā sūtaputraḥ abhūt yaḥ idānīm vṛṣāyate

39. When your son was being seized by the Gandharvas during the cowherd festival, where was the charioteer's son (Karṇa) then, he who now acts so arrogantly?

Words meanings summery:

• गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - By the Gandharvas who captured Duryodhana during the Ghoṣayātrā (By the Gandharvas)

• घोषयात्रायां (ghoṣayātrāyāṁ) - During the Ghoṣayātrā event described in the Mahābhārata (During the cowherd festival/excursion)

• ह्रियते (hriyate) - Is being captured (Is being carried away, seized)

• यत् (yat) - When (introducing a temporal clause) (When, that, which)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - Duryodhana (the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed by the speaker) (Son)

• तव (tava) - Your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (Your)

• क्व (kva) - Where?

• तदा (tadā) - Then, at that time

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa, who was raised by a charioteer (Son of a charioteer)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - Was, became

• यः (yaḥ) - Who (referring to Karṇa) (Who, which)

• इदानीम् (idānīm) - Now, at present

• वृषायते (vṛṣāyate) - Acts arrogantly or boasts of valor (Acts like a bull, behaves arrogantly/valiantly)

Words meanings and morphology

गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaiḥ) - By the Gandharvas who captured Duryodhana during the Ghoṣayātrā (By the Gandharvas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - celestial musician, a class of demigods

घोषयात्रायां (ghoṣayātrāyāṁ) - During the Ghoṣayātrā event described in the Mahābhārata (During the cowherd festival/excursion)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ghoṣayātrā

ghoṣayātrā - cowherd festival, excursion to cow pastures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ghoṣa+yātrā)

• ghoṣa – cry, noise; cowherd village
  noun (masculine)
• yātrā – journey, procession, festival
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root yā (to go)
  Root: yā (class 2)

ह्रियते (hriyate) - Is being captured (Is being carried away, seized)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of hṛ

Present Passive

Present 3rd person singular, passive voice, from root hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

यत् (yat) - When (introducing a temporal clause) (When, that, which)

(indeclinable)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - Duryodhana (the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed by the speaker) (Son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sū (to bear, produce)

Root: sū (class 2)

तव (tava) - Your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (Your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

क्व (kva) - Where?

(indeclinable)

Derived from interrogative pronoun kim

तदा (tadā) - Then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun tad

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karṇa, who was raised by a charioteer (Son of a charioteer)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - charioteer's son; epithet for Karṇa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

अभूत् (abhūt) - Was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist

Aorist (luṅ) 3rd person singular, from root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - Who (referring to Karṇa) (Who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

इदानीम् (idānīm) - Now, at present

(indeclinable)

वृषायते (vṛṣāyate) - Acts arrogantly or boasts of valor (Acts like a bull, behaves arrogantly/valiantly)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛṣāyate

Denominative verb, Present

Derived from noun vṛṣabha (bull) + denominative suffix -yaC. Present 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Root: vṛṣabha